High gain differentiator based neuro-adaptive arbitrary order sliding mode control design for MPE of standalone wind power system.

In this paper, we introduce a novel Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller for standalone Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSG). The primary novelty of our controller lies in its implementation of an Arbitrary Order Sliding Mode Control (AOSMC) to effectively overcome the challenges caused by the measurement noise in the system. The considered model is transformed into a control-convenient input-output form.

Nutritional composition, health benefits and bio-active compounds of chickpea ( L.).

Chickpea ( L.), an annual plant of the family Fabaceae is mainly grown in semiarid and temperate regions. Among pulses, cultivated worldwide chickpeas are considered an inexpensive and rich source of protein.

Intermediate Phase Free α-FAPbI Perovskite via Green Solvent Assisted Perovskite Single Crystal Redissolution Strategy.

Perovskite single-crystal redissolution (PSCR) strategy is highly desired for efficient formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI ) perovskite photovoltaics with enhanced phase purity, improved film quality, low trap-state density, and good stability. However, the phase transition and crystallization dynamics of FAPbI remain unclear in the PSCR process compared to the conventional fabrication from the mixing of precursor materials. In this work, a green-solvent-assisted (GSA) method is employed to synthesize centimeter-sized α-FAPbI single crystals, which serve as the high-purity precursor to fabricate perovskite films.

Zinc and Potassium Fertilizer Synergizes Plant Nutrient Availability and Affects Growth, Yield, and Quality of Wheat Genotypes.

The growth and productivity of wheat crops depend on the availability of essential nutrients such as zinc (Zn) and potassium (KO), which play critical roles in the plant's physiological and biochemical processes. This study aimed to investigate the synergizing effect of zinc and potassium fertilizers on uptake of both the nutrients, growth, yield, and quality of the Hashim-08 cultivar and local landrace, during the 2019-2020 growing season in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The experiment was designed using a split plot pattern in a randomized complete pattern, with main plots for the wheat cultivars and subplots for the fertilizer treatments.

Certainty equivalence-based robust sliding mode control strategy and its application to uncertain PMSG-WECS.

This work focuses on maximum power extraction via certainty equivalence-based robust sliding mode control protocols for an uncertain Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator-based Wind Energy Conversion System (PMSG-WECS). The considered system is subjected to both structured and unstructured disturbances, which may occur through the input channel. Initially, the PMSG-WECS system is transformed into a Bronwsky form, i.

Uptake of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency of soil through agrotain coated urea and its integration with farmyard manure.

Since the green revolution, excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers has become prevalent due to concerns about the integrity of food production for the growing population. This indiscriminate use harms the fertility of the soil, especially in sandy soils where nutrient leaching, particularly nitrogen, results in yield losses as well as environmental and health problems. A pot experiment was carried out at Gomal University, Pakistan, in March 2022 to assess the nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake, and yield of okra.

Development of Efficient and Recyclable ZnO-CuO/g-CN Nanocomposite for Enhanced Adsorption of Arsenic from Wastewater.

Arsenic (III) is a toxic contaminant in water bodies, especially in drinking water reservoirs, and it is a great challenge to remove it from wastewater. For the successful extraction of arsenic (III), a nanocomposite material (ZnO-CuO/g-CN) has been synthesized by using the solution method. The large surface area and plenty of hydroxyl groups on the nanocomposite surface offer an ideal platform for the adsorption of arsenic (III) from water.

A novel MnO-CrN nanocomposite based non-enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor.

A MnO-CrN composite was obtained the ammonolysis of the low-cost nitride precursors Cr(NO)·9HO and Mn(NO)·4HO at 800 °C for 8 h using a sol-gel method. The specific surface area of the synthesized powder was measured BET analysis and it was found to be 262 m g. Regarding its application, the electrochemical sensing performance toward hydrogen peroxide (HO) was studied applying cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (-) analysis.

High performance and gate-controlled GeSe/HfS negative differential resistance device.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received significant attention owing to their thickness-dependent folded current-voltage ( - ) characteristics, which offer various threshold voltage values. Owing to these astonishing characteristics, TMDs based negative differential resistance (NDR) devices are preferred for the realization of multi-valued logic applications. In this study, an innovative and ground-breaking germanium selenide/hafnium disulfide (p-GeSe/n-HfS) TMDs van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH) NDR device is designed.

Control Design for Uncertain Higher-Order Networked Nonlinear Systems via an Arbitrary Order Finite-Time Sliding Mode Control Law.

The authors proposed an arbitrary order finite-time sliding mode control (SMC) design for a networked of uncertain higher-order nonlinear systems. A network of n+1 nodes, connected via a directed graph (with fixed topology), is considered. The nodes are considered to be uncertain in nature.

Neural network-based adaptive global sliding mode MPPT controller design for stand-alone photovoltaic systems.

The increasing energy demand and the target to reduce environmental pollution make it essential to use efficient and environment-friendly renewable energy systems. One of these systems is the Photovoltaic (PV) system which generates energy subject to variation in environmental conditions such as temperature and solar radiations. In the presence of these variations, it is necessary to extract the maximum power via the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller.

A Tagetes minuta based eco-benign synthesis of multifunctional Au/MgO nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic, antibacterial and DPPH scavenging activities.

In this research work, facile, economical and eco-benign experimental procedure were adopted to synthesize Au/MgO nanocomposite with the help of Tagetes minuta leaves extract. Phytochemicals present in the leaves of Tagetes minuta were acting as reducing and stabilizing agents to avoid aggregation of nanomaterials during the preparation of Au/MgO nanocomposite. The biologically synthesized nanocomposite were systematically characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and elemental mapping.

RBF neural network based backstepping terminal sliding mode MPPT control technique for PV system.

The energy demand in the world has increased rapidly in the last few decades. This demand is arising the need for alternative energy resources. Solar energy is the most eminent energy resource which is completely free from pollution and fuel.

Neuro-adaptive fast integral terminal sliding mode control design with variable gain robust exact differentiator for under-actuated quadcopter UAV.

In this paper, a robust global fast terminal attractor based full flight trajectory tracking control law has been developed for the available regular form which is operated under matched uncertainties. Based on the hierarchical control principle, the aforesaid model is first subdivided into two subsystems, i.e.

Arbitrary-order sliding mode-based robust control algorithm for the developing artificial pancreas mechanism.

In Diabetes Mellitus, the pancreas remains incapable of insulin administration that leads to hyperglycaemia, an escalated glycaemic concentration, which may stimulate many complications. To circumvent this situation, a closed-loop control strategy is much needed for the exogenous insulin infusion in diabetic patients. This closed-loop structure is often termed as an artificial pancreas that is generally established by the employment of different feedback control strategies.

Photo-assisted inactivation of highly drug resistant bacteria and DPPH scavenging activities of zinc oxide graphted Pd-MCM-41 synthesized by new hydrothermal method.

A major current biomedical challenge is to find materials that are specific, have high efficiency and with long lasting stability to serve as antimicrobial agents. In this contribution we examined new bifunctional nanostructural materials (ZnO/Pd-MCM-41) which were synthesized by a new hydrothermal procedure. To deposit active cites i.

Biosynthesis of silver capped magnesium oxide nanocomposite using Olea cuspidata leaf extract and their photocatalytic, antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Green chemistry is a modern area of research which covers synthesis of nanomaterials through useful, environmentally, economically friendly techniques and their use in different fields. The synthesis involves the formation of bimetallic nanomaterials to enhance their synergistic relationship and achieve special modulated properties. That's why bimetallic nanomaterials are extremely important and gaining interest among researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry for the treatment of various diseases.

Nonlinear robust integral backstepping based MPPT control for stand-alone photovoltaic system.

PV (Photovoltaic) cells have nonlinear current-voltage (I - V) and power-voltage (P - V) characteristics with a distinct maximum power point (MPP) that entirely depends on the ambient meteorological conditions (i.e. solar irradiance and temperature).

Novel Heteroatom-Doped Fe/N/C Electrocatalysts With Superior Activities for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Both Acid and Alkaline Solutions.

The exploration of noble metal-free catalysts with efficient electrochemical performance toward oxygen reduction reaction in the acid electrolyte is very important for the development of fuel cells technology. Novel pyrolyzed heteroatom-doped Fe/N/C catalysts have been regarded as the most efficient electrocatalytic materials for ORR due to their tunable electronic structure, and distinctive chemical and physical properties. Herein, nitrogen- and sulfur-doped (Fe/N/C and Fe/N/C-S) electrocatalysts were synthesized using ferric chloride hexahydrate as the Fe precursor, N-rich polymer as N precursor, and Ketjen Black EC-600 (KJ600) as the carbon supports.

Facile Synthesis of Mayenite Electride Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphitic Shells Like Carbon Nano Onions: Non-noble-metal Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).

This manuscript presented a large scale synthesis of Graphitic Shells like carbon nano onions (GS-CNOs) by direct solution method using mayenite electride as a catalyst for synthesis of CNOs. Thermal characterization, microstructural analysis, and high resolution electron microscopy have confirmed the graphitization and revealed the resulting GS-CNOs with particle size about 15 nm, maximum BET surface area of 214 m.g, and moderate conductivity of 250 S.

Copper-doped induced ferromagnetic half-metal zirconium diselenide single crystals.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic layered materials have attracted considerable attention in memory storage devices due to their exciting magnetic ordering. Herein, the electronic and magnetic properties of high-quality single crystals zirconium diselenide and copper (Cu)-doped zirconium diselenide as grown via chemical vapor transport technique combined with first principle density functional theory calculations were investigated. A semimetallic state is recognized for CuZrSe as measured through resistance versus temperature measurements and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES).

Fe-doped mayenite electride composite with 2D reduced Graphene Oxide: As a non-platinum based, highly durable electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Since the last decades, non-precious metal catalysts (NPMC), especially iron based electrocatalysts show sufficient activity, potentially applicant in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), however they only withstand considerable current densities at low operating potentials. On the other hand iron based electrocatalysts are not stable at elevated cathode potentials, which is essential for high energy competence, and its remains difficult to deal. Therefore, via this research a simple approach is demonstrated that allows synthesis of nanosize Fe-doped mayenite electride, [CaAlO]·(e) (can also write as, CAFe:e, where doping level, x = 1) (thereafter, Fe-doped C12A7:e), consist of abundantly available elements with gram level powder material production, based on simple citrate sol-gel method.

Novel Two-Dimensional Carbon-Chromium Nitride-Based Composite as an Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

For future pollution-free renewable energy production, platinum group metal (PGM)-free electrocatalysts are highly required for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to avoid all possible Fenton reactions and to make fuel cell more economical. Therefore, in this study, to overcome traditional electrocatalyst limitations, we applied facile method to synthesize robust mesoporous CrN-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite with MnO (thereafter, Cr/rGO composite with MnO) as an electrocatalyst by efficient one-step sol-gel method by ammonolysis at 900°C for 9 h. Synthesized porous structures of Cr/rGO nanocomposite with MnO have the highest estimated surface area of 379 m·g, higher than that of the carbon black (216 m· ) support, and almost uniform pore size distribution of about 4 nm.

Physiological response of spinach to toxic heavy metal stress.

This study was carried out to investigate the concentration of two heavy metals, i.e., mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in soil and plant.

Smooth super-twisting sliding mode control for the class of underactuated systems.

In this article, Smooth Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control (SSTWSMC) is investigated for the class of underactuated system. In underactuated systems, the control design is not directly applicable as for other systems (known as fully actuated systems). Therefore, at initial step, a nonlinear uncertain model of systems is transformed into the controllable canonical form, and then Smooth Super Twisting (SSTW) based Sliding Mode Control (SMC) is devised for the control design purpose for the considered class.