Analysis of cytokine levels, cytological findings, and MP-DNA level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Background: The present study was conducted to determine the inflammatory response in the lungs of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed cytokine levels, cytological findings, and M. pneumoniae (MP)-DNA level in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 96 children with MPP.

Respiratory Microbiome Profile of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension Patients Associated With Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of PH in pediatric patients. The airway microbiome profile in CHD-PH patients remains rarely studied.

Methods: A total of 158 children were recruited for collection of oropharyngeal swabs to sequence the ribosomal RNA ( rRNA) V3-V4 region of respiratory microbiome, to establish a correlation between these bacterial groups and echocardiography indicators in CHD-PH patients.

The difference in clinical features and prognosis of severe adenoviral pneumonia in children of different ages.

This study aims to analyze the difference in clinical features and prognosis of severe adenovirus pneumonia (SAP) in children of different ages and analyze the risk factors for poor prognosis in children with SAP. A retrospective observational study was performed to describe the clinical features and analyze the risk factors for death and postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in 303 children hospitalized with SAP from January 2015 through to January 2020. The participants were divided into four age groups: <6 months (n = 25, 8.

ZEB1 recruits BRG1 to regulate airway remodelling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in asthma.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate the function of brahma-related gene-1 (BRG1) in airway remodelling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of asthma and identify the transcription factor of BRG1 that binds to the protomer of E-cadherin. What is the main finding and its importance? This study highlighted an important molecular mechanism involving chromatin remodelling factor BRG1 that played a crucial role in airway remodelling EMT of asthma and demonstrated that ZEB1 was the key transcription factor recruiting BRG1. This finding might offer new insights into gene-based therapy for asthma.

Consistency between nasopharyngeal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in pathogen detection in children with pneumonia: an analysis of 533 cases.

Objectives: To study the consistency between nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in pathogen detection in children with pneumonia

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of pathogens detected in 533 children with pneumonia from February 2017 to March 2020. The paired McNemar's test was used to compare the difference in pathogen detection between NPA and BALF groups. The coefficient was used to analyze the consistency in pathogen detection between the two groups.

Blockade of GITRL/GITR signaling pathway attenuates house dust mite-induced allergic asthma in mice through inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling.

GITRL/GITR signaling pathway plays an important role in allergy, inflammation, transplantation and autoimmunity. However, its role in asthma remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate changes in this pathway and observe the therapeutic effect of its blocking on asthma.

A multicenter survey of pediatric flexible bronchoscopy in western China.

Background: This study aims to investigate the current use of pediatric flexible bronchoscopy (PFB) in western China.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in western China between January 1, 2018 to December 30, 2018. Fifty-four centers were invited to answer a questionnaire for seeking information about performance of PFB.

GITRL on dendritic cells aggravates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness by modulating CD4 T cell differentiation.

Background: Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL) plays an important role in tumors, autoimmunity and inflammation. However, GITRL is not known to modulate the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. In this study, we investigated whether regulating GITRL expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) can prevent asthma and to elucidate its mechanism of action.

How should our testing behaviour change with time in children in current COVID-19 pandemic?

Backgrounds: More paediatric-confirmed cases have been reported with the global pandemic of COVID-19. This study aims to summarize the key points and supply suggestions on screening paediatric COVID-19 patients more appropriately.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively included paediatric patients who have accepted SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (30 January 2020 to 13 February 2020) and compared them with paediatric-confirmed COVID-19 cases.

Potential effectiveness and safety of antiviral agents in children with coronavirus disease 2019: a rapid review and meta-analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak presents a new, life-threatening disease. Our aim was to assess the potential effectiveness and safety of antiviral agents for COVID-19 in children.

Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane library, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang Data) from their inception to March 31, 2020 were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical controlled trials and cohort studies of interventions with antiviral agents for children (less than 18 years of age) with COVID-19.

Effectiveness of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for asthma management in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a noninvasive strategy for diagnosing and managing asthma, but limited evidence is available for the effects of FENO-guided asthma management in children. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FENO for asthma management in children.

Methods: In total, six databases were searched, and 23 randomized controlled trials that compared the effects of FENO-guided asthma management with those not using FENO in pediatric asthma were included.

Correction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived exosomes ameliorates allergic reactions via inducing the T response in asthma.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Allogeneic human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (MSC-BPD trial).

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex lung pathological lesion secondary to multiple factors and one of the most common chronic lung diseases. It has a poor prognosis, especially in preterm infants. However, effective therapies for this disease are lacking.

[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children].

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a clinical syndrome with major clinical manifestations of hemoptysis, anemia, and diffuse infiltration in the lung. DAH has a high mortality rate in the acute stage and is a life-threatening emergency in clinical practice. Compared with adult DHA, childhood DHA tends to have a specific spectrum of underlying diseases.

Severe Bordetella pertussis infection and vaccine issue in Chongqing, from 2012 to 2018.

Objective: Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness mainly caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The infection of B. pertussis has been increasing and the current diagnosis of pertussis in children is challenging; little is known of B.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived exosomes ameliorates allergic reactions via inducing the T response in asthma.

Background: Exosomes are nanovesicles originating from multivesicular bodies that have complex functions and significant therapeutic effects in many diseases. In the present study, we successfully extracted exosomes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and assessed the effect of those exosomes on the development of the allergic response in two types of classic asthma models.

Methods: Female BALB/c mice were administrated with P.

LPS Exposure in Early Life Protects Against Mucus Hypersecretion in Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma by Down-Regulation of the IL-13 and JAK-STAT6 Pathways.

Background/aims: Previous studies have shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure may have a protective effect on asthma by reducing airway hyper-responsiveness, airway inflammation and serum IgE levels. However, there are few studies investigating the effect of LPS on mucous secretion in asthma. In this study, we evaluate the relationship between LPS pre-treatment in infant mice and airway mucus hypersecretion in an OVA (ovalbumin)-induced asthma model, and further explore the mechanisms behind this effect.

[Effect of vitamin A as an adjuvant therapy for pneumonia in children: a Meta analysis].

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of vitamin A supplementation in children with pneumonia through a systematic review.

Methods: Cochrane Library, EMbase, PubMed, China Biology Medicine disc, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin A as an adjuvant therapy for pneumonia in children. Two reviewers independently screened the studies and evaluated their quality according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Rictor positively regulates B cell receptor signaling by modulating actin reorganization via ezrin.

As the central hub of the metabolism machinery, the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) has been well studied in lymphocytes. As an obligatory component of mTORC2, the role of Rictor in T cells is well established. However, the role of Rictor in B cells still remains elusive.

[Levels of surfactant proteins A and D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with pneumonia and their relationships with clinical characteristics].

Objective: To observe the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A, SP-D) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with pneumonia, and to explore their relationships with clinical characteristics.

Methods: Thirty-five children with pneumonia were enrolled in this study. Differential cell counts were obtained by Countstar counting board.

[Pathogen detection of 1 613 cases of hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia].

Objective: To investigate the distribution of pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) from the Chongqing area.

Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens and blood specimens of 1 613 children with CAP were collected between January 2014 and December 2014 for bacterial culture and detection of 7 respiratory viruses and antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).

Results: The overall positive rate of bacteria was 50.

[Efficacy of regular or intermittent inhalation of corticosteroids in treatment of asthma and its effects on growth and development in children].

Objective: To observe the efficacy of regular or intermittent inhalation of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate (SM/FP) in the treatment of bronchial asthma and its effects on growth and development in children.

Methods: A total of 112 children diagnosed with bronchial asthma between September 2012 and October 2013 were assigned to standardized treatment (standard group, n=56) and non-standardized treatment (intermittent group, n=56). Comparisons of clinical symptom scores and main pulmonary function indicators between the two groups were carried out before treatment and at 6 and 12 months after treatment.

[Diagnosis of children with occult bronchial foreign body].

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestation of children with occult bronchial foreign body, to analyze the reasons of misdiagnosis, to summarize the way of diagnosis and to emphasize the value of bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of children with such disease.

Method: A retrospective analysis of 22 cases of occult bronchial foreign body diagnosed and treated with bronchoscopy in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during the period from March 1, 2009 to February 28, 2014.

Result: Of the 22 cases, 15 were male and 7 female.