TLR activation, immune response and viral protection elicited in cattle by a commercial vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1.

The innate and acquired immune response induced by a commercial inactivated vaccine against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) and protection conferred against the virus were analyzed in cattle. Vaccination induced high levels of BoHV-1 antibodies at 30, 60, and 90 days post-vaccination (dpv). IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes were detected at 90 dpv, as well as virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Characterization of a Nanovaccine Platform Based on an α1,2-Mannobiose Derivative Shows Species-non-specific Targeting to Human, Bovine, Mouse, and Teleost Fish Dendritic Cells.

Dendritic cells serve as the main immune cells that trigger the immune response. We developed a simple and cost-effective nanovaccine platform based on the α1',2-mannobiose derivative for dendritic cell targeting. In previous work, we have formulated the α1,2-mannobiose-based nanovaccine platform with plasmid DNA and tested it in cattle against BoHV-1 infection.

FMD empty capsids combined with the Immunostant Particle Adjuvant -ISPA or ISA206 induce protective immunity against foot and mouth disease virus.

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) causes economy losses and is controlled by vaccination in many countries. Vaccine formulations based on empty capsids or Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) have the advantage of avoiding the biological hazard of using infectious FMDV, albeit are poorly immunogenic. Recently, we have described that ISPA a new Immune Stimulating Complex adjuvant, is useful to improve the response against FMD of vaccines that use inactivated virus.

A plasmid encoding the extracellular domain of CD40 ligand and Montanide™ GEL01 as adjuvants enhance the immunogenicity and the protection induced by a DNA vaccine against BoHV-1.

DNA vaccines are capable of inducing humoral and cellular immunity, and are important to control bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), an agent of the bovine respiratory disease complex. In previous work, a DNA plasmid that encodes a secreted form of BoHV-1 glycoprotein D (pCIgD) together with commercial adjuvants provided partial protection against viral challenge of bovines. In this work, we evaluate new molecules that could potentiate the DNA vaccine.

Bovine Dendritic Cell Activation, T Cell Proliferation and Antibody Responses to Foot-And-Mouth Disease, Is Similar With Inactivated Virus and Virus Like Particles.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals that causes severe economic losses in the livestock industry. Currently available vaccines are based on the inactivated FMD virus (FMDV). Although inactivated vaccines have been effective in controlling the disease, they have some disadvantages.

An Improved DNA Vaccine Against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Using CD40L and a Chemical Adjuvant Induces Specific Cytotoxicity in Mice.

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) uses many mechanisms to elude the immune system; one of them is spreading intracellularly, even in the presence of specific antiviral antibodies. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are necessary to eliminate the virus. The main preventive strategy is vaccination based on inactivated virus.

A New Cage-Like Particle Adjuvant Enhances Protection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine.

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute viral disease that causes important economy losses. Vaccines with new low-cost adjuvants that stimulate protective immune responses are needed and can be assayed in a mouse model to predict their effectiveness in cattle. Immunostimulant Particle Adjuvant (ISPA), also known as cage-like particle adjuvant, consisting of lipid boxes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, sterylamine, alpha-tocopherol, and QuilA saponin, was shown to enhance protection of a recombinant vaccine against in a mouse model.

Effects of polydopamine-passivation on the optical properties of carbon dots and its potential use in vivo.

Passivation of carbon dots via heteroatom doping has been shown to enhance their optical properties and tune their fluorescence signature. Additionally, the incorporation of polymeric precursors in carbon dot synthesis has gained considerable interest with benefits to biological applications namely bioimaging, drug delivery and sensing, among others. In order to combine the desirable attributes of both, fluorescence enhancement and increased biocompatibility, polymers composed of high aromaticity and nitrogen content can be used as efficient carbon dot passivating agents.

MANα1-2MAN decorated liposomes enhance the immunogenicity induced by a DNA vaccine against BoHV-1.

New technologies in the field of vaccinology arise as a necessity for the treatment and control of many diseases. Whole virus inactivated vaccines and modified live virus ones used against Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) infection have several disadvantages. Previous works on DNA vaccines against BoHV-1 have demonstrated the capability to induce humoral and cellular immune responses.

Mouse model as an efficacy test for foot-and-mouth disease vaccines.

Protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been linked to the development of a humoral response. In Argentina, the official control tests for assessing the potency of FMD vaccines are protection against podal generalization (PPG) and expected percentage of protection (EPP) curves built with quantitative data of antibodies determined by liquid-phase blocking ELISA (lpELISA). The results of these tests are used to accept or discard vaccines at the batch level.

Immune Response and Partial Protection against Heterologous Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induced by Dendrimer Peptides in Cattle.

Synthetic peptides mimicking protective B- and T-cell epitopes are good candidates for safer, more effective FMD vaccines. Nevertheless, previous studies of immunization with linear peptides showed that they failed to induce solid protection in cattle. Dendrimeric peptides displaying two or four copies of a peptide corresponding to the B-cell epitope VP1 [136-154] of type O FMDV (O/UKG/11/2001) linked through thioether bonds to a single copy of the T-cell epitope 3A [21-35] (termed BT and BT, resp.

Dendrimeric peptides can confer protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals. A synthetic vaccine candidate consisting of dendrimeric peptides harbouring two copies of a B-epitope [VP1(136-154)] linked to a T-cell epitope [3A(21-35)] of FMDV confers protection to type O FMDV challenge in pigs. Herein we show in cattle that novel dendrimeric peptides bearing a T-cell epitope [VP1(21-40] and two or four copies of a B-cell epitope [VP1(135-160)] from type O1 Campos FMDV (termed B2T and B4T, respectively) elicited FMDV specific immune responses to similar levels to a commercial vaccine.

Galectin-8 activates dendritic cells and stimulates antigen-specific immune response elicitation.

Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a mammalian β-galactoside-binding lectin, endowed with proinflammatory properties. Given its capacity to enhance antigen-specific immune responses in vivo, we investigated whether Gal-8 was also able to promote APC activation to sustain T cell activation after priming. Both endogenous [dendritic cells (DCs)] and bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) treated with exogenous Gal-8 exhibited a mature phenotype characterized by increased MHC class II (MHCII), CD80, and CD86 surface expression.

A DNA Vaccine Formulated with Chemical Adjuvant Provides Partial Protection against Bovine Herpes Virus Infection in Cattle.

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is the causative agent of bovine infectious rhinotracheitis, an important disease worldwide. Although conventional BoHV-1 vaccines, including those based on the use of modified live virus and also inactivated vaccines, are currently used in many countries, they have several disadvantages. DNA vaccines have emerged as an attractive approach since they have the potential to induce both humoral and cellular immune response; nevertheless, it is largely known that potency of naked DNA vaccines is limited.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of dendritic cells triggers phosphorylation of ERK1/2 inducing class I presentation and apoptosis.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. This pathology is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Over time, the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of this illness became essential.

Use of Adjuvants to Enhance the Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Against Bovine Herpesvirus-1.

This study investigated the induction of humoral and cellular immune response by a DNA vaccine based on the bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D with commercial adjuvants (SEPPIC), in the murine model and in a preliminary assay in cattle, in order to select vaccines candidates that can improve cellular response. A DNA vaccine with most of the adjuvants used in this study was able to elicit a gD and viral-specific humoral immune response in vaccinated mice. Nevertheless, only a DNA vaccine with Montanide GEL 01 PR and Montanide Essai 903110 induced viral-specific proliferation and the highest levels of IFN-γ secretion.

Early protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle using an inactivated vaccine formulated with Montanide ESSAI IMS D 12802 VG PR adjuvant.

Foot and mouth disease is an acute disease of cattle with a broad distribution around the world. Due to the fast spread of FMDV infections, control measures must be applied immediately after an outbreak, such as the use of vaccines that induce fast protection. Previously, it was shown that mice vaccinated with FMD inactivated virus (iFMDV) formulated with Montanide™ ESSAI IMS D 12802 VG PR adjuvant (802-iFMDV) were protected when they were challenged 4 and 7 days post-vaccination (dpv) with homologous virus.

In vitro transfection of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells with TATp-liposomes.

Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells uniquely capable of priming naïve T cells and cross-presenting antigens, and they determine the type of immune response elicited against an antigen. TAT peptide (TATp), is an amphipathic, arginine-rich, cationic peptide that promotes penetration and translocation of various molecules and nanoparticles into cells. TATp-liposomes (TATp-L) used for DC transfection were prepared using TATp derivatized with a lipid-terminated polymer capable of anchoring in the liposomal membrane.

Protection induced by a glycoprotein E-deleted bovine herpesvirus type 1 marker strain used either as an inactivated or live attenuated vaccine in cattle.

Background: Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is the causative agent of respiratory and genital tract infections; causing a high economic loss in all continents. Use of marker vaccines in IBR eradication programs is widely accepted since it allows for protection of the animals against the disease while adding the possibility of differentiating vaccinated from infected animals.The aim of the present study was the development and evaluation of safety and efficacy of a glycoprotein E-deleted (gE-) BoHV-1 marker vaccine strain (BoHV-1ΔgEβgal) generated by homologous recombination, replacing the viral gE gene with the β-galactosidase (βgal) gene.

Immune response and protection provided by live tachyzoites and native antigens from the NC-6 Argentina strain of Neospora caninum in pregnant heifers.

The aim of the present study was to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of live tachyzoites and native antigen extract obtained from the NC-6 Argentina strain against vertical transmission of Neospora caninum, following experimental challenge in pregnant heifers with the NC-1 strain. Sixteen pregnant heifers were divided in 4 groups of 4 animals, each receiving different inoculation before mating: group A animals were intravenously (iv) inoculated with 6.25×10(7) live tachyzoites of the NC-6 strain, group B heifers were inoculated twice subcutaneously (sc) with N.

Evaluation of the immune response elicited by vaccination with viral vectors encoding FMDV capsid proteins and boosted with inactivated virus.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of introducing a priming step with replication-defective viral vectors encoding the capsid proteins of FMDV, followed by a boost with killed virus vaccines, using a suitable BALB/c mice model. Additionally, the immune response to other combined vector immunization regimens was studied. For this purpose, we analyzed different prime-boost immunizations with recombinant adenovirus (Ad), herpesvirus amplicons (Hs) and/or killed virus (KV) vaccines.

Co-inoculation of baculovirus and FMDV vaccine in mice, elicits very early protection against foot and mouth disease virus without interfering with long lasting immunity.

Baculoviruses (Bvs) potentiate the immune response against soluble antigens. We investigated whether Bv could be used as immunoactivator in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines using the BALB/c mouse model. Mice were vaccinated with a single dose of inactivated FMDV (iFMDV), iFMDV+Bv, Bv, or culture medium.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes a decrease in spleen dendritic cells and the early release of IFN-α in the plasma of mice. Differences between infectious and inactivated virus.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. From an economical point of view, it is the most important disease of livestock worldwide. It is known that the virus interacts with dendritic cells, both in the natural host and in mice, but the impact of this interaction on the adaptive immune response is controversial.

Immunogenicity of a bovine herpes virus I peptide expressed in tandem copies in attenuated Salmonella.

A live system to release heterologous antigens using an attenuated Salmonella strain was developed. We transformed Salmonella typhimurium LVR03 (S. LVR03) with a recombinant pTECH2 vector encoding 0, 1, 2, and 4 tandem copies of an imunogenic peptide of bovine herpes virus-1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein D (gD).

Role of macrophages in early protective immune responses induced by two vaccines against foot and mouth disease.

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute disease of cloven-hoofed species. We studied the protection and early immune response induced in the murine model by vaccines formulated with inactivated virus and two different adjuvants. The presence of IMS12802PR or ISA206VG adjuvants yielded protection against viral challenge at early times post vaccination and induced FMDV-specific, but non neutralizing, antibody titers.