Preretinal abnormal tissue before and after pars plana vitrectomy in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a multimodal imaging study.

Purpose: To quantitatively explore preretinal abnormal tissue (PAT) in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgery.

Methods: In this case-series study, PAT was detected by en-face optical coherence tomography images with custom slabs in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SF6 for macula-on RRD.Main outcome measures were PAT area at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up, and its relative change.

Choroidal and Choriocapillaris OCT-A Analysis in Patients Affected by Active Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To analyze choroidal and choriocapillaris changes in eyes affected by active unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: A total of 17 eyes suffering from naïve CSC were enrolled. In addition, 17 healthy fellow eyes were analyzed, and 10 eyes were enrolled as controls.

OCT analysis and MPOD assessment in patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa.

This study aimed to analyze Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) parameters and Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) changes in patients affected by Retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Eighteen eyes of 18 patients suffering from early-stage RP were enrolled in our observational study. 18 eyes of 18 patients age and gender matched were enrolled as controls.

Micropulse Laser versus Eplerenone for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A 12-Month Comparison.

Introduction: To compare the long-term efficacy of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (NSML) and continuous oral eplerenone (EPL) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC).

Methods: This retrospective observational study included 44 eyes with cCSC (EPL: n = 26; NSML: n = 18). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), subretinal fluid (SRF) height, and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were evaluated over 12 months.

Development and preliminary evaluation of a novel preoperative index for quantitative analysis of photoreceptor loss in full-thickness macular holes.

Purpose: To identify novel quantitative parameters for evaluating photoreceptor loss in full-thickness macular holes (FTMH), exploring their potential clinical impact on postoperative functional and anatomical recovery.

Methods: This pilot study enrolled 38 eyes from 38 patients diagnosed with FTMH. Preoperatively, eyes underwent analysis and were subsequently followed for six months post-surgery.

Choroidal and Choriocapillaris Changes after Photodynamic Therapy and Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

: The aim of the present study is to analyze choroidal and choriocapillaris structural and functional changes in eyes affected by Central serous chorioretinopathy after Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Subthreshold Micropulse laser (SML) treatment. : Forty-two eyes of forty-two patients were analyzed in this observational study. Twenty-four patients underwent SML treatment, whereas eighteen patients were treated with PDT.

Visual and anatomical evaluation of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser versus photodynamic therapy in managing chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To compare the visual and anatomical results of navigated subthreshold micropulse laser (nSML) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Methods: Patients who underwent either half-dose PDT or nSML for the management of chronic CSCR were included in this study. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up visits after nSML or PDT.

Wagner Syndrome-like fundus presentation of atypical Persistent Fetal Vasculature.

Purpose: To report the case of a woman with atypical Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) accompanied by more typical findings of Wagner Syndrome.

Results: A 58-year-old woman complained about persistent flashes and floaters for more than 6 months. Multimodal retinal imaging showed Bergmeister papilla and a fibrous gray strand floating behind the macula in the right eye.

Characterization and topographical analysis of choroidal caverns in young and healthy individuals.

Purpose: To describe and clarify a possible pathogenetic origin for choroidal caverns in young healthy individuals through a topographical analysis using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: A cross-sectional evaluation of 44 healthy volunteers (44 eyes), aged 20-32 years with no systemic or ocular comorbidities. The topographical analysis of choroidal caverns was performed through a 15 × 15 mm volumetric scan cube using SS-OCTA (PLEX Elite 9000).

Baseline Features in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy in Caucasian Patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate demographic, anatomical, angiographic, and functional parameters in patients suffering from polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients with a definite diagnosis of treatment-naïve exudative unilateral PCV were evaluated in this retrospective study. Fellow eyes and age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled as comparison.

Efficacy and Durability of Faricimab in Naïve Eyes with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate functional and anatomical changes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with a loading dose of faricimab intravitreal injections (IVIs).

Methods: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients with active macular neovascularization and nAMD were enrolled at the Ophthalmology Clinic of University G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of bi-partite and tri-partite murine iPSC-derived neurospheroids under steady-state and inflammatory condition.

induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurospheroid (NSPH) models are an emerging in vitro toolkit to study the influence of inflammatory triggers on neurodegeneration and repair in a 3D neural environment. In contrast to their human counterpart, the absence of murine iPSC-derived NSPHs for profound characterisation and validation studies is a major experimental research gap, even though they offer the only possibility to truly compare or validate in vitro NSPH responses with in vivo brain responses. To contribute to these developments, we here describe the generation and characterisation of 5-week-old CXCR1 CCR2 murine (m)iPSC-derived bi-partite (neurons + astrocytes) and tri-partite (neurons + astrocytes + microglia) NSPH models that can be subjected to cellular activation following pro-inflammatory stimulation.

A case of accidental into-the-lens dexamethasone implant: watching or removing?

Background: To report a case of cataract surgery in unintentional Ozurdex (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California, USA) injection into the lens.

Case Presentation: A 82-years old man reporting decreased visual acuity in his right eye came to our Ophthalmology service.

Effect of Pro Re Nata Regimen with Anti-VEGF on Type 3 Macular Neovascularization: Long-Term Outcomes.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes of intravitreal injections (IVI) of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV).

Methods: This retrospective study included 19 eyes of 17 patients with nAMD and type 3 MNV treated with anti-VEGF IVI with a loading dose and a PRN regimen. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), presence of macular intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF), flow area (FA), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), and macular atrophy (MA) were assessed at baseline (T0) and during follow-up (T1, post-loading phase; T2, 1 year; T3, 2 years; T4 >2 years).

Baseline imaging characteristics and early structural changes in macula on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Animal models have demonstrated that structural changes affect the macula during peripheral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This study aimed to assess photoreceptors, retinal and choriocapillaris perfusion in non-macula involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment by analyzing en-face images from structural OCTA segmented at the ellipsoid zone (EZ) level, calculating (1) "normalized" reflectivity as a surrogate biomarker of photoreceptor damage (2) perfusion density (PD), vessel length density (VLD) and vessel diameter index (VDI) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) (3) perfusion density of choriocapillaris (PDCC). Twenty-one eyes affected by macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) were enrolled at the University "G.

Analysis of Macular Pigment Optical Density in Macular Holes with Different Border Phenotypes.

Introduction: We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in eyes with idiopathic macular holes with bumpy (bbMH) and smooth borders (sbMH) and to assess the relation between MPOD and optical coherence tomography findings. Thirty eyes from thirty patients affected by idiopathic macular hole were studied.

Methods: All patients underwent SD-OCT and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) analysis.

Choroidal Vascularity Index Fluctuations in Epiretinal Membranes in Vitreoretinal Surgery: Comparison Between Idiopathic and Diabetic Ones.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze choroidal vascularity index (CVI) fluctuations in patients with epiretinal membrane after vitreoretinal surgery, comparing idiopathic and secondary diabetic ones.

Methods: Thirty eyes suffering from idiopathic ERMs (I-ERMS; n = 15) and diabetic ERMs (D-ERMS; n = 15) were analyzed in this observational prospective study. Anatomical (central macular thickness) and functional (best-corrected visual acuity) parameters were analyzed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months after vitrectomy.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Brolucizumab in Macular Neovascularization.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate functional and anatomical changes in type 1 and type 2 naïve macular neovascularization (MNV) patients treated with brolucizumab injections up to 1 year of treatment (week 48).

Methods: Thirty-eight eyes of 38 patients with active MNV were enrolled at the Ophthalmology Clinic of the University "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti-Pescara, Italy.

Enhanced Delivery of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Lecithin Invasomes in 3D Melanoma Cancer Model.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of skin cancer and diseases. 5-Aminolevulinic acid is a prodrug clinically approved for PDT. Once internalized by cancer cells, it is rapidly metabolized to the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX, which under the proper light irradiation, stimulates the deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and leads to cell death.

Hypoglycemia in Children: Major Endocrine-Metabolic Causes and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives.

Hypoglycemia is due to defects in the metabolic systems involved in the transition from the fed to the fasting state or in the hormone control of these systems. In children, hypoglycemia is considered a metabolic-endocrine emergency, because it may lead to brain injury, permanent neurological sequelae and, in rare cases, death. Symptoms are nonspecific, particularly in infants and young children.

Diet and Glycemic Index in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

In children with type 1 diabetes, a healthy lifestyle is important to control postprandial glycemia and to avoid hyperglycemic peaks that worsen the inflammatory state of vessels and tissues. Glycemic index and glycemic load are two important indexes which assess the quality and quantity of foods consumed during meals. The main macronutrients of the diet have a different effect on postprandial blood glucose levels, so it is important that diabetic children consume foods which determine a slower and steadier glycemic peak.