Effect of Alkali and 1,4-Butanediol Contents on the Extraction of Lignin and Lignin-Based Activated Carbon.

In the process of lignin extraction by the organic solvent method, the amount of alkali and the content of 1,4-butanediol are important conditions that affect lignin yield. The effects of alkali and alcohol contents on lignin recovery, removal rate, and structure were studied. In this reaction system, the removal rate of lignin increased with the increase of alkali content but decreased with the increase of alcohol content.

Investigating desorption during ethanol elution to improve the quality and antioxidant activity of xylo-oligosaccharides from corn stalk.

As the most representative of lignocellulosic materials, corn stalk (CS) will be a great candidate to produce xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). Owing to the high impurity content of the XOS produced by directly enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan extracted from CS, subsequent refining steps are essential. The present study was aimed to investigate desorption during ethanol elution to improve the quality and antioxidant activity of XOS from CS.

One-pot conversion of disaccharide into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by imidazole ionic liquid.

Conversion of carbohydrate into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5- HMF), a versatile, key renewable platform compound is regarded as an important transformation in biomass-derived carbohydrate chemistry. A variety of ILs, not only acidic but also alkaline ILs, were synthesized and used as catalyst in the production of 5-HMF from disaccharide. Several factors including reaction temperature, IL dosage, solvent and reaction time,were found to influence the yield of 5-HMF from cellobiose.

Performance and kinetic evaluation of a semi-continuously fed anaerobic digester treating food waste: effect of trace elements on the digester recovery and stability.

This study investigated the effects of trace elements (TEs: Fe, Co, and Ni) on the anaerobic digestion of food waste in laboratory scale semi-continuously fed anaerobic digesters. The digesters were operated for approximately 460 d at organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 1.0 to 5.

Microwave-assisted conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by ionic liquids.

Ionic liquid (IL) has been widely investigated in 5-HMF production from biomass. However, most of studies employed IL as reaction solvent which requires a large amount of IL. In the present study, IL was utilized as catalyst in the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to 5-HMF under microwave irradiation (MI) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) containing LiCl.