Sleep for infants after discharge from a neonatal ward: Expert- and parent endorsed strategies.

Background: This study aims to outline sleep strategies grounded in scientific research and endorsed by sleep experts, integrating parental input into the evaluation process, to assist parents in supporting infant sleep after discharge from a neonatal ward.

Methods: A Delphi method, consisting of three rounds, was employed. Sleep strategies based on scientific literature were presented to sleep experts and parents of infants discharged from a neonatal ward.

Comparative effectiveness of pre-epiglottic baton plates and mandibular distraction in infants with Robin sequence.

Background: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) and pre-epiglottic baton plates (PEBP) are both effective for early management of upper airway obstruction (UAO) in infants with Robin sequence (RS), but have not been directly compared. The purpose of this study was to compare early airway, feeding and growth outcomes between these treatments.

Methods: This is a bicentric retrospective cohort study from 2015-2021 including infants with RS treated with MDO or PEBP before 6 months-of-age with pre- and post-treatment sleep studies and follow-up at least through age 1-year.

Targeting c-MET for Endoscopic Detection of Dysplastic Lesions within Barrett's Esophagus Using EMI-137 Fluorescence Imaging.

Purpose: Esophageal cancer carries a poor prognosis with a 5-year overall survival of less than 20%. Barrett's esophagus increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of EMI-137, a mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET)-targeting optical imaging tracer, to detect dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.

Hybrid Raman and Partial Wave Spectroscopy Microscope for the Characterization of Molecular and Structural Alterations in Tissue.

We present a hybrid Raman spectroscopy (RS) and partial wave spectroscopy (PWS) microscope for the characterization of molecular and structural tissue alterations. The PWS performance was assessed with surface roughness standards, while the Raman performance with a silicon crystal standard. We also validated the system on stomach and intestinal mouse tissues, two closely-related tissue types, and demonstrate that the addition of PWS information improves RS data classification for these tissue types from R = 0.

[Esophageal cancer: new developments in prevention and therapy].

Esophageal carcinomas comprise 2 entities, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, which differ in pathogenesis and treatment. Elimination of inflammatory influences and risk factors, such as obesity and gastroesophageal reflux that contribute to a rising incidence of adenocarcinoma, is crucial for tumor prevention. In Germany, general endoscopic screening for upper GI tumors is not recommended, whereas endoscopic surveillance is applied in the presence of Barrett's metaplasia.

p53 mutation biases squamocolumnar junction progenitor cells towards dysplasia rather than metaplasia in Barrett's oesophagus.

Background: While p53 mutations occur early in Barrett's oesophagus (BE) progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), their role in gastric cardia stem cells remains unclear.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of p53 mutation on the fate and function of cardia progenitor cells in BE to EAC progression, particularly under the duress of chronic injury.

Design: We used a BE mouse model (L2-IL1β) harbouring a mutation (R172H) to study the effects of p53 on Cck2r cardia progenitor cells.

Efficacy, safety and differential outcomes of immune-chemotherapy with gemcitabine, cisplatin and durvalumab in patients with biliary tract cancers: A multicenter real world cohort.

Background: Combined Immuno-chemotherapy consisting of gemcitabine, cisplatin and the programmed death-ligand one inhibitor durvalumab (GCD) is the new standard of care for patients with biliary tract cancers (BTC) based on positive results of the TOPAZ-1 study.

Objective: We here evaluated the efficacy and safety of GCD for BTC in a German multicenter real-world patient cohort.

Methods: Patients with BTC treated with GCD from 9 German centers were included.

[Sex differences in hepatobiliary and transplantation surgery].

Gender-specific differences in hepatobiliary and transplantation surgery are decisive for the diagnosis, treatment and long-term outcomes. Men exhibit a higher risk of late recurrences and cancer-specific death after liver cancer resection. The emphasis on screening recommendations and ensuring equal access to treatment options are vital to minimize disparities.

Gastric cancer prevention by community eradication of Helicobacter pylori: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. Affecting more than 40% of the world's population, Helicobacter pylori is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. While previous clinical trials indicated that eradication of H.

Microbiota metabolized Bile Acids accelerate Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma via FXR inhibition.

Background: The incidence of Barrett esophagus (BE) and Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma (GEAC) correlates with obesity and a diet rich in fat. Bile acids (BA) support fat digestion and undergo microbial metabolization in the gut. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an important modulator of the BA homeostasis.

Failure of an electric rocking device to improve neonatal sleep.

Aim: We wanted to investigate whether an electric rocking device (Swing2Sleep, Neumünster, Germany), sold with the claim to promote infant sleep, would increase total sleep time or reduce sleep latency once infants are put therein.

Methods: In a randomised crossover design, 20 infants (median gestational age at birth 31.7 weeks, range 25-39) were placed to sleep either first with the device rocking, then not rocking (or vice versa) for 5-7 h each.

Association Between Body Composition and Survival in Patients With Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Automated Deep Learning Approach.

Purpose: Body composition (BC) may play a role in outcome prognostication in patients with gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC). Artificial intelligence provides new possibilities to opportunistically quantify BC from computed tomography (CT) scans. We developed a deep learning (DL) model for fully automatic BC quantification on routine staging CTs and determined its prognostic role in a clinical cohort of patients with GEAC.

[Gastrointestinal tumour prevention strategies].

Over the past few decades, substantial advancements have been achieved in the early detection and treatment of gastrointestinal oncological diseases. The survival rates of patients have significantly improved due to the expansion and enhancement of therapeutic and diagnostic options, leading to modifications in (neo-)adjuvant, perioperative, and palliative strategies, as well as the advent of personalized molecular therapy. Noteworthy progress has also been observed in primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention domains.

Gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel combined with afatinib in metastatic pancreatic cancer - Results of a phase 1b clinical trial.

Purpose: The combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel is an established standard treatment in the first-line treatment of metastatic ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (mPDAC). Afatinib, an oral second-generation pan ErbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown promising pre-clinical signs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this phase 1b trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of afatinib in combination with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in patients with mPDAC.

PARP1-targeted fluorescence molecular endoscopy as novel tool for early detection of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.

Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the 10 most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is dramatically increasing. Despite some improvements, the current surveillance protocol with white light endoscopy and random untargeted biopsies collection (Seattle protocol) fails to diagnose dysplastic and cancerous lesions in up to 50% of patients. Therefore, new endoscopic imaging technologies in combination with tumor-specific molecular probes are needed to improve early detection.

Bacteria and bacteriophage consortia are associated with protective intestinal metabolites in patients receiving stem cell transplantation.

The microbiome is a predictor of clinical outcome in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate these outcomes. How bacteria, fungi and viruses contribute to the production of intestinal metabolites is still unclear.

Screening for Palliative Care Need in Oncology: Validation of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Context: Leading oncology societies recommend monitoring symptoms and support needs through patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), but their use for assessing specialist palliative care (SPC) need has not yet been explored. Research on SPC integration has focused on staff-assessed screening tools, which are time-consuming.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic validity of the Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale (IPOS) and NCCN Distress Thermometer (NCCN DT) in identifying need for SPC in patients with incurable cancer.

Systematic Evaluation of Clinical, Nutritional, and Fecal Microbial Factors for Their Association With Colorectal Polyps.

Introduction: The identification of risk factors for precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC) holds great promise in the context of prevention. With this study, we aimed to identify patient characteristics associated with colorectal polyps (CPs) and polyp features of potential malignant progression. Furthermore, a potential association with gut microbiota in this context was investigated.