Identification of Key Enzymes and Genes Modulating L-Ascorbic Acid Metabolism During Fruit Development of by Integrating Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiological Analysis.

is acknowledged for its substantial nutritional benefits, particularly attributed to the high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) found in its fruits. The "Mengqi No.1" variety of , which is cultivated in Qinghai, is known for its high yield and exceptional quality.

Alkaline tolerance in plants: The AT1 gene and beyond.

Salt stress poses a serious challenge to crop production and a significant threat to global food security and ecosystem sustainability. Soil salinization commonly occurs in conjunction with alkalization, which causes combined saline-alkaline stress. Alkaline soil predominantly comprises NaHCO and NaCO and is characterized by a high pH.

NHX5/NHX6/SPY22 complex regulates BRI1 and brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis.

NHX5 and NHX6, Arabidopsis endosomal antiporters, play a vital role in facilitating ion and pH homeostasis in endosomal compartments. Studies have found that NHX5 and NHX6 are essential for protein trafficking, auxin homeostasis, and plant growth and development. Here, we report the role of NHX5 and NHX6 in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling.

The signalling pathways, calcineurin B-like protein 5 (CBL5)-CBL-interacting protein kinase 8 (CIPK8)/CIPK24-salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1), transduce salt signals in seed germination in Arabidopsis.

For plant growth under salt stress, sensing and transducing salt signals are central to cellular Na homoeostasis. The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) complexes play critical roles in transducing salt signals in plants. Here, we show that CBL5, an ortholog of CBL4 and CBL10 in Arabidopsis, interacts with and recruits CIPK8/CIPK24 to the plasma membrane.

Flavonoid synthesis in Lamiophlomis rotata from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is influenced by soil properties, microbial community, and gene expression.

Lamiophlomis rotata is a medicinal plant in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in which flavonoid compounds are the major medicinal components. However, it remains unclear how flavonoid metabolism of L. rotata is influenced by soil properties and microbial community.

Plastid KEA-type cation/H antiporters are required for vacuolar protein trafficking in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis plastid antiporters KEA1 and KEA2 are critical for plastid development, photosynthetic efficiency, and plant development. Here, we show that KEA1 and KEA2 are involved in vacuolar protein trafficking. Genetic analyses found that the kea1 kea2 mutants had short siliques, small seeds, and short seedlings.

Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the tillering stage.

Salt stress, as a principal abiotic stress, harms the growth and metabolism of rice, thus affecting its yield and quality. The tillering stage is the key growth period that controls rice yield. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) can increase the lodging resistance of plants by reducing plant height, but its effects on rice leaves and roots at the tillering stage under salt stress are still unclear.

Prohexadione calcium enhances rice growth and tillering under NaCl stress.

Salt stress affects crop quality and reduces crop yields, and growth regulators enhance salt tolerance of crop plants. In this report, we examined the effects of prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) on improving rice ( L.) growth and tillering under salt stress.

Analysis of flavonoid metabolism during fruit development of Lycium chinense.

Lycium chinense is an important medicinal plant in the northwest of China. Flavonoids are the major pharmacological components of L. chinense fruits.

Progresses of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in forage crops.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) mediated-genome editing has evolved into a powerful tool that is widely used in plant species to induce editing in the genome for analyzing gene function and crop improvement. CRISPR/Cas9 is an RNA-guided genome editing tool consisting of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables more accurate and efficient genome editing in crops.

Regulation of pollen tube growth by cellular pH and ions.

Tip growth of the pollen tube is a model system for the study of cell polarity establishment in flowering plants. The tip growth of the pollen tube displays an oscillating pattern corresponding to cellular ion and pH dynamics. Therefore, cellular pH and ions play an important role in pollen growth and development.

Roles of TOR signaling in nutrient deprivation and abiotic stress.

In living organisms, nutrient, energy, and environmental stimuli sensing and signaling are considered as the most primordial regulatory networks governing growth and development. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a diversified Serine/Threonine protein kinase existing in all eukaryotes that regulates distinct salient growth and developmental signaling pathways. TOR signaling acts as a central hub in plants that allows a variety of nutrients, energy, hormones, and environmental stimuli to be integrated.

The good and the bad of preprint servers in plant physiology.

Preprint servers allow rapid publication of research findings by eliminating the time gap between submission and publication associated with editorial and peer review of scientific works. Consequently, non-peer-reviewed articles are essentially accessible immediately to researchers and the public. There are many valid justifications for sharing work on preprint servers, such as the ability to collect feedback from the research community and improve work prior to journal submission and a reduced risk of work being "scooped" by competitors.

Arabidopsis antiporter CHX23 and auxin transporter PIN8 coordinately regulate pollen growth.

Both the antiporter CHX23 (Cation/Proton Exchangers 23) and auxin transporter PIN8 (PIN-FORMED 8) are localized in the ER and regulate pollen growth in Arabidopsis. But how these two proteins regulate pollen growth remains to be studied. Here, we report that CHX23 and PIN8 act coordinately in regulating pollen growth.

Small signaling molecules in plant response to cold stress.

Cold stress is one of the harsh environmental stresses that adversely affect plant growth and crop yields in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, plants have evolved mechanisms to overcome the impact of cold stress. Progress has been made in understanding how plants perceive and transduce low-temperature signals to tolerate cold stress.

CBL3 and CIPK18 are required for the function of NHX5 and NHX6 in mediating Li homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis NHX5 and NHX6 are endosomal Na,K/H antiporters that function in mediating Na, K and pH homeostasis. Here, we report that NHX5 and NHX6 mediate Li homeostasis in Arabidopsis. We found that the nhx5 nhx6 double mutant was defective in growth and had a high pale rate under Li stress; complementation with either NHX5 or NHX6 restored the growth of the double mutant under LiCl treatments.

Arabidopsis NHX5 and NHX6 regulate PIN6-mediated auxin homeostasis and growth.

NHX5 and NHX6, endosomal Na,K/H antiporters in Arabidopsis thaliana, play a vital role in growth and development. Our previous study has shown that NHX5 and NHX6 function as H leak to regulate auxin-mediated growth in Arabidopsis. In this report, we investigated the function of NHX5 and NHX6 in controlling PIN6-mediated auxin homeostasis and growth in Arabidopsis.

K Efflux Antiporters 4, 5, and 6 Mediate pH and K Homeostasis in Endomembrane Compartments.

KEA4, KEA5, and KEA6 are members of the Arabidopsis () K efflux antiporter (KEA) family that share high sequence similarity but whose function remains unknown. Here, we show their gene expression pattern, subcellular localization, and physiological function in Arabidopsis. , , and had similar tissue expression patterns, and the three KEA proteins localized to the Golgi, the trans-Golgi network, and the prevacuolar compartment/multivesicular bodies, suggesting overlapping roles of these proteins in the endomembrane system.

Transcriptomic view of survival during early seedling growth of the extremophyte Haloxylon ammodendron.

Seedling establishment in an extreme environment requires an integrated genomic and physiological response to survive multiple abiotic stresses. The extremophyte, Haloxylon ammodendron is a pioneer species capable of colonizing temperate desert sand dunes. We investigated the induced and basal transcriptomes in H.

Na ,K /H antiporters regulate the pH of endoplasmic reticulum and auxin-mediated development.

AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 are endosomal Na ,K /H antiporters that are critical for growth and development in Arabidopsis, but the mechanism behind their action remains unknown. Here, we report that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, functioning as H leak, control auxin homeostasis and auxin-mediated development. We found that nhx5 nhx6 exhibited growth variations of auxin-related defects.

Domain-switch analysis of PeNHX3 from Populus euphratica reveals the critical role of the transmembrane domain 11 in Na and Li transport.

Populus euphratica, the well-known tree halophyte, tolerates the stress of high levels of salt. We previously showed that the transmembrane domain 11 (TM11) of PeNHX3, a Na,K/H antiporter from P. euphratica, was crucial for Na and Li transport in a yeast growth assay.

AtNHX5 and AtNHX6: Roles in protein transport.

AtNHX5 and AtNHX6, endosomal Na(+),K(+)/H(+) antiporters in Arabidopsis, are localized in the Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and prevacuolear compartment. It becomes evident that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 play an important role in protein transport toward the vacuole. Studies have shown that AtNHX5 and AtNHX6 regulate the transport of seed storage proteins as well as the biogenesis of the protein storage vacuoles.