Rifaximin alleviates irinotecan-induced diarrhea in mice model.

Background: Irinotecan is a chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat solid tumors. However, its effectiveness is limited by the severely delayed onset of diarrhea. This study aimed to confirm the protective effects of the non-systemic oral antibiotic rifaximin on irinotecan-induced mucositis in mice model.

Combining methylated RNF180 and SFRP2 plasma biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor, and early diagnosis significantly improves patient survival rates. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of ring finger protein 180 (RNF180) and secreted frizzled protein 2 (SFRP2) in GC.

Materials & Methods: A total of 165 healthy individuals, 34 patients with precancerous gastric lesions, and 104 patients with confirmed GC were divided into training and validation sets; methylated RNF180 and SFRP2 were detected in circulating DNA from blood samples.

PD-1 Inhibitors Combined with Chemotherapy versus Re-irradiation/chemoradiotherapy for Unresectable Locally Recurrent T3-4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.

To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, and long-term outcomes of PD1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus re-irradiation/chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresectable locally recurrent T3-4 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) after receiving immunochemotherapy or re-irradiation between February 2018 and May 2022 in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard regression.

Development and evaluation of the model for acute kidney injury in patients with cardiac arrest after successful resuscitation.

Background: This study aims to construct a clinical prediction model and create a visual line chart depicting the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) following resuscitation in cardiac arrest (CA) patients. Additionally, the study aims to validate the clinical predictive accuracy of the developed model.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the Dryad database, and publicly shared data were downloaded.

Fabrication of Large-Area Silicon Spherical Microlens Arrays by Thermal Reflow and ICP Etching.

In this paper, we proposed an efficient and high-precision process for fabricating large-area microlens arrays using thermal reflow combined with ICP etching. When the temperature rises above the glass transition temperature, the polymer cylinder will reflow into a smooth hemisphere due to the surface tension effect. The dimensional differences generated after reflow can be corrected using etching selectivity in the following ICP etching process, which transfers the microstructure on the photoresist to the substrate.

Anus preservation in low rectal adenocarcinoma based on MMR/MSI status (APRAM): a study protocol for a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre phase III trial.

Background: Anus preservation has been a challenge in the treatment of patients with low rectal adenocarcinoma (within 5 cm from the anal verge) because it is difficult to spare the anus with its functioning sphincter complex under the safe margin of tumour resection. Patients with dMMR/MSI-H can achieve a favourable complete response (CR) rate by using a single immune checkpoint inhibitor. For patients with pMMR/MSS/MSI-L, intensified neoadjuvant three-drug chemotherapy may be the preferred option for anal preservation.

A pyroptosis-related signature in colorectal cancer: exploring its prognostic value and immunological characteristics.

Background: The heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the main cause of the disparity of drug sensitivity and the variability of prognosis. Pyroptosis is closely associated with the development and prognosis of various tumors, including CRC. Dividing CRC into distinct subgroups based on pyroptosis is a worthwhile topic for improving the precision treatment and prognosis prediction of CRC.

Unraveling Colorectal Cancer and Pan-cancer Immune Heterogeneity and Synthetic Therapy Response Using Cuproptosis and Hypoxia Regulators by Multi-omic Analysis and Experimental Validation.

Cuproptosis, a new type of programmed cell death (PCD), is closely related to cellular tricarboxylic acid cycle and cellular respiration, while hypoxia can modulate PCD. However, their combined contribution to tumor subtyping remains unexplored. Here, we applied a multi-omics approach to classify TCGA_COADREAD based on cuproptosis and hypoxia.

Inductively Coupled Plasma Dry Etching of Silicon Deep Trenches with Extremely Vertical Smooth Sidewalls Used in Micro-Optical Gyroscopes.

Micro-optical gyroscopes (MOGs) place a range of components of the fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) onto a silicon substrate, enabling miniaturization, low cost, and batch processing. MOGs require high-precision waveguide trenches fabricated on silicon instead of the ultra-long interference ring of conventional F OGs. In our study, the Bosch process, pseudo-Bosch process, and cryogenic etching process were investigated to fabricate silicon deep trenches with vertical and smooth sidewalls.

Lipid metabolism and antioxidant system contribute to salinity tolerance in halophytic grass seashore paspalum in a tissue-specific manner.

Soil salinization is a growing issue that limits agriculture globally. Understanding the mechanism underlying salt tolerance in halophytic grasses can provide new insights into engineering plant salinity tolerance in glycophytic plants. Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.

Fabrication of High Precision Silicon Spherical Microlens Arrays by Hot Embossing Process.

In this paper, a high-precision, low-cost, batch processing nanoimprint method is proposed to process a spherical microlens array (MLA). The nanoimprint mold with high surface precision and low surface roughness was fabricated by single-point diamond turning. The anti-sticking treatment of the mold was carried out by perfluorooctyl phosphoric acid (PFOPA) liquid deposition.

Fabrication of Antireflection Micro/Nanostructures on the Surface of Aluminum Alloy by Femtosecond Laser.

Designed micro-nano structures on the surface of aluminum alloy provide excellent light trapping properties that can be used extensively in thermal photovoltaics, sensors, etc. However, the fabrication of high-performance antireflective micro-nano structures on aluminum alloy is challenging because aluminum has shallow intrinsic losses and weak absorption. A two-step strategy is proposed for fabricating broadband antireflection structures by superimposing nanostructures onto microscale structures.

PLK1 Inhibition Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Radiation via Suppressing Autophagy.

Purpose: Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a protein kinase that is overexpressed in breast cancer and may represent an attractive target for breast cancer treatment. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between PLK1 and radiosensitivity in breast cancer. Here, we attempted to explore whether PLK1 inhibition could sensitize breast cancer cells to radiation.

miR‑576‑5p promotes epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer by targeting the Wnt5a‑mediated Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of malignancy and the third most commonly diagnosed form of cancer worldwide, ranking as the fourth leading cause of cancer‑associated mortality. MicroRNA (miR)‑576‑5p has been reported to be highly expressed in patients with CRC; however, its biological role remains unclear. The present study aimed therefore to investigate the biological role and underlying mechanism of miR‑576‑5p in CRC cell line SW480.

Outcome and Optimal Treatment for Esthesioneuroblastoma in the Era of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A Single-Center Experience.

Purpose: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a type of rare malignant neoplasm of the sinonasal cavity. Optimal treatment for ENB is still controversial. A retrospective study was conducted to identify the clinical outcome and optimal treatment for ENB in the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).

Screening of significant biomarkers with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via bioinformatics analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with unsatisfactory prognosis. The abnormal genes expression is significantly associated with initiation and poor prognosis of HCC. The aim of the present study was to identify molecular biomarkers related to the initiation and development of HCC via bioinformatics analysis, so as to provide a certain molecular mechanism for individualized treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methodology of dose calculation for external beam radiation combined with high dose rate brachytherapy in the era of 3-dimensional treatment planning system.

Intracavitary application of brachytherapy (BT) sources followed by external beam radiation is essential for the local treatment of carcinoma of the cervix, postate, and nasopharynx. Dose distribution of external beam radiation plus BT can be challenging for the planning system because of their dose calculation by 2 different treatment planning system (TPS). The aims of this study were to introduce a novel iterative method of dose calculation preformed in the Pinnacle plan and evaluate a combined dose distribution for external beam radiation and BT.

Comparison of the efficacy between concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Although common, the use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is controversial due to its undefined clinical benefits. We, therefore, conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate whether adjuvant chemotherapy confers survival gains to stage II NPC patients.

Methods: In this study, we examined whether combining adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and/or concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy (CCRT) improved survival in patients with stage II NPC.

Influence of concurrent chemotherapy on locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy: A retrospective matched analysis.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus concurrent chemotherapy (CC) will be the new standard treatment for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. However, many patients fail to receive CC for multiple reasons. We aimed to investigate long-term survival outcomes and toxicities in these patients with NPC treated with additional NAC plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) or IMRT alone.

Adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer in elderly patients after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery: Toxicity and survival outcomes.

The treatment strategy for elderly patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the significance of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for elderly patients with LARC after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgical resection. Between February 2002 and December 2012, a total of 43 patients aged ≥70 years with LARC following nCRT and surgery were retrospectively reviewed.

Serum lncRNA-UFC1 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Early diagnosis is important to improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PC). Identifying potential biomarkers is essential for the monitoring and treatment of PC. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) UFC1 has been identified as an oncogenic factor in many cancers.

Survival without concurrent chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with induction chemotherapy plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy: Single-center experience from an endemic area.

Although induction chemotherapy (IC) combined with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus concurrent chemotherapy (CC) is the new standard treatment option in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), many patients fail to receive CC. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term survival outcomes and toxicities in these patients who are treated with IC before IMRT without CC.We retrospectively reviewed 332 untreated, newly diagnosed locoregionally advanced NPC patients who received IC before IMRT alone at our institution from May 2008 through April 2014.

Long noncoding RNA LINC02582 acts downstream of miR-200c to promote radioresistance through CHK1 in breast cancer cells.

Radiotherapy is essential to treat breast cancer and microRNA (miRNA) miR-200c is considered as a radiosensitizer of breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which miR-200c regulates radiosensitivity remain largely unknown. In the present study, we showed that induction of miR-200c led to widespread alteration in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression in breast cancer cells.

Perineural and lymphovascular invasion predicts for poor prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery.

: Perineural invasion (PNI) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) are associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer, but their clinical significance is still controversial for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who had received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgical resection. The aim of this study was to confirm the correlation between PNI and/or LVI and clinical prognosis and to further confirm whether PNI and/or LVI can be used as potential prognostic indicators of adjuvant chemotherapy after nCRT and surgery in LARC. : From February 2002 to December 2012, a total of 181 patients with LARC who had received nCRT and surgical resection were retrospectively reviewed.