T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) negatively regulates innate and adaptive immunity in cancer. To identify the mechanisms of Tim-3 in cancer immunity, we evaluated the effects of Tim-3 blockade in human and mouse melanoma. Here, we show that human programmed cell death 1-positive (PD-1+) Tim-3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) upregulate phosphatidylserine (PS), a receptor for Tim-3, and acquire cell surface myeloid markers from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through transfer of membrane fragments called trogocytosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAmple evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is a tumor-extrinsic factor associated with antitumor response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy, but inconsistencies exist between published microbial signatures associated with clinical outcomes. To resolve this, we evaluated a new melanoma cohort, along with four published datasets. Time-to-event analysis showed that baseline microbiota composition was optimally associated with clinical outcome at approximately 1 year after initiation of treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive update of the descriptive epidemiology and trends of ischemic stroke has been released since Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017. Thus, our objective was to examine ischemic stroke burden at the global, regional, and national levels in terms of sex, age, and social development index (SDI).
Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2019 datasets.
Precisely controlled lymphocyte migration is critically required for immune surveillance and successful immune responses. Lymphocyte migration is strictly regulated by chemokines and chemokine receptors. Here we show that protein geranylgeranylation, a form of post-translational protein lipid modification, is required for chemokine receptor-proximal signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy provides long-term clinical benefits to patients with advanced melanoma. The composition of the gut microbiota correlates with anti-PD-1 efficacy in preclinical models and cancer patients. To investigate whether resistance to anti-PD-1 can be overcome by changing the gut microbiota, this clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of responder-derived fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) together with anti-PD-1 in patients with PD-1-refractory melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT cells play a critical role in promoting tumor regression in both experimental models and humans. Yet, T cells that are chronically exposed to tumor antigen during cancer progression can become dysfunctional/exhausted and fail to induce tumor destruction. Such tumor-induced T cell dysfunction may occur via multiple mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance. Multiple activating and inhibitory receptors (IR) regulate NK-cell-mediated tumor control. The IR T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and its counter-receptor CD226 exert opposite effects on NK-cell-mediated tumor reactivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFicolin-2 is an important serum complement lectin. Here, we describe novel findings indicating that serum ficolin-2 concentrations in multiple tumor patients are significantly lower than those in healthy donors. Administration of exogenous ficolin-2 or ficolin-A (a ficolin-2-like molecule in mouse), with only once, could remarkably inhibit the tumor cells growth in murine tumor models via early macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8 T cells, but not CD4 T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophages are the primary host target cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). However, little is known about the changes of membrane glycopatterns of macrophages in response to M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman ficolin-2 is an important lectin complement pathway activator that is secreted from liver cells and has been implicated as an anti-infection innate immune molecule. However, the role of ficolin-2 protein and its dynamic changes over the course of and in the prognosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed ficolin-2 protein expression in a cohort of individuals with CHB infection, HCC and cirrhosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFicolins are serum complement lectins, with a structure similar to mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and lung surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D. Ficolins activate the lectin complement system and play important roles in host innate immunity. Ficolins are members of the collectin family of proteins, which act as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
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