Profound Effect of Pulmonary Surfactant on the Treatment of Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Inherited diseases caused by dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant metabolism or surfactant dysfunction have recently been considered the underlying causes of neonatal and pediatric respiratory diseases. Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants is a common respiratory disease in pediatrics. It is caused by underdeveloped lungs in infants and a lack of active substances on the surface of the alveoli, which leads to insufficiency of lung function, which can lead to difficulty breathing, increased heart rate, facial bruising, and more.

Intensive phototherapy vs. exchange transfusion for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Background: Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia.

[Epidemiological features and mechanism of coronavirus disease 2019 in children].

Compared with adults, children tend to have lower incidence rate, hospitalization rate, and mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the cause of such age-based differences in disease severity remains unclear. An investigation of pathogenesis in children may help to analyze the therapies for the high-risk population. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme Ⅱ is the main receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and can limit pulmonary capillary leakage and inflammation mediated by angiotensin 2 and exert a protective effect against acute lung injury.

Correction: A multi-center randomized prospective study on the treatment of infant bronchiolitis with interferon α1b nebulization.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

A multi-center randomized prospective study on the treatment of infant bronchiolitis with interferon α1b nebulization.

Background: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main cause of bronchiolitis in infants and interferon (IFN) α is a commercial antiviral drug. The nebulization of IFN α1b could be a viable treatment method. In this study, the therapeutic effects and safety of IFN α1b delivery via nebulization in infant bronchiolitis were investigated in this multi-center prospective study.

[Multicenter prospective epidemiological studies on Haemophilus influenzae infection among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections].

Objective: To understand epidemiological characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) infection in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in west Sichuan China.

Method: The multicenter prospective cross-sectional design was used; four hospitals in west Sichuan China were chosen as research field, sputum bacterial culture was done and biological typing, PCR identification and drug sensitivity test of Hi epidemic strains were carried out among 0-17y hospitalized patients with LRTI in four hospitals located in west Sichuan China.

Result: Totally 5 748 cases with LRTI in four hospitals were investigated in west Sichuan from Nov.