A Novel Variant of KPC-179 Conferring Ceftazidime-Avibactam Resistance in a Carbapenem-Resistant Isolate.

Objective: Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a novel -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor with activity against carbapenem-resistant  (CRKP) that produce  carbapenemase (KPC). In this study, we report the first cases of CZA resistance to develop during treatment of CRKP infections and identify the resistance mechanism.

Methods: APB/EDTA and NG-Test CARBA5 were used to detect the production of carbapenemase, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and conjugation experiment were used to identify potential resistance mechanisms of CZA-susceptible (HX1032) and -resistant (HX1192)  isolates.

[Carbapenemase Genes, Virulence Genes, and Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Derived From Bloodstream Infections].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) isolated from patients with bloodstream infections in a large tertiary-care general hospital in Southwest China.

Methods: A total of 131 strains of non-repeating CRKP were collected from the blood cultures of patients who had bloodstream infections in 2015-2019. The strains were identified by VITEK-2, a fully automated microbial analyzer, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry.

Clinical manifestations, antimicrobial resistance and genomic feature analysis of multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia strains.

Background: Elizabethkingia is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence factors, and genome features of Elizabethkingia spp.

Methods: Clinical data from 71 patients who were diagnosed with Elizabethkingia-induced pneumonia and bacteremia between August 2019 and September 2021 were analyzed.

[Application of Rapid Detection Method Based on NG-Test® CARBA 5 in Bloodstream Infections Associated With Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales].

Objective: To compare the consistency and accuracy of a rapid test method and a traditional test method for pathogen identification, antimicrobial susceptibility and carbapenemase type identification of positive blood culture samples.

Methods: A total of 51 positive blood culture samples of bloodstream infection (BSI) were collected between March 2022 and May 2022. All samples were found to be "positive for Gram-negative bacilli" according to the blood smear results.

[Epidemiological Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Strains in the Clinical Specimens of a Hospital].

Objective: To analyze the detection rate, susceptibility to antibiotics, and carbapenemase types of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains in the clinical samples of a hospital and to provide support for the prevention, control and treatment of CRE-related infections.

Methods: Clinical specimens were examined according to the operating procedures of bacteriological tests. Species identification and drug susceptibility testing were performed on the isolated strains.

Molecular epidemiology characteristics and detecting transmission of carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales in southwestern China.

Background: To investigate the genotype and clinical characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) strains in southwest China and provide information on the treatment stopping the spread of the infection.

Methods: The clinical information of CRE isolates was collected from 19 hospitals in 12 cities across Sichuan Province, China, between June 2018 and April 2019. The isolates were detected by DNA sequencing of genes encoding carbapenem enzymes and multilocus sequence types (MLSTs).

Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Candidemia in a Large Tertiary Teaching Hospital in Western China: A Retrospective 5-Year Study from 2016 to 2020.

The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of candidemia and evaluate the clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes among different species. We conducted a retrospective study by univariate and multivariate analysis between and (NAC) species in a Chinese national medical center from 2016 to 2020. Among the 259 episodes, (38.

Detection and Characterization of Carbapenemases in With a New Rapid and Simplified Carbapenemase Detection Method Called rsCDM.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a new rapid and simplified carbapenemase detection method (rsCDM) for detection and characterization of carbapenemase with 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APBA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and cloxacillin (CLO) β-lactamase inhibitors.

Methods: A panel of 182 carbapenem-resistant (CRE) strains with (88), (60), (10), (3), (5), , and (7), porin changes in combination with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) (3) or AmpC hyper-production (6) and 43 carbapenem-susceptible isolates were used to evaluate the performance of rsCDM and EDTA-carbapenem inactivation method (eCIM). Carbapenemase class was determined with specific inhibitors at 4, 6, and 18 h by rsCDM, and the difference between imipenem (IMI) and meropenem (MEM) disks was simultaneously compared.

Emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance due to a novel blaKPC-2 mutation during treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.

Objective: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing K.pneumoniae has represented a serious health problem in worldwide. The resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) began to emerge since its approval in 2015.

Total Laboratory Automation and Three Shifts Reduce Turnaround Time of Cerebrospinal Fluid Culture Results in the Chinese Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.

Background: Total laboratory automation (TLA) has the potential to reduce specimen processing time, optimize workflow, and decrease turnaround time (TAT). The purpose of this research is to investigate whether the TAT of our laboratory has changed since the adoption of TLA, as well as to optimize laboratory workflow, improve laboratory testing efficiency, and provide better services of clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Materials And Methods: Laboratory data was extracted from our laboratory information system in two 6-month periods: pre-TLA (July to December 2019) and post-TLA (July to December 2020), respectively.

Comparing three different phenotypic methods for accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.

Background: Early identification of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is highly essential to prevent their dissemination within health care settings.

Objective: This study aimed to compare 3 reported phenotypic assays for detecting carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE).

Methods: 151 Enterobacterales isolates were collected, the sensitivity and specificity of each test was determined, with molecular genotype serving as the gold standard.

PTX3 gene polymorphism associated with cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected Chinese patients.

Background: For Chinese Han populations, cryptococcosis are more likely to occur in HIV-uninfected patients instead of HIV-infected patients compared with other countries and regions, implying that there may be genetic predisposing factors for cryptococcosis in the Chinese Han populations. However, the retail mechanism has not been clarified.

Objectives: We aimed to conduct an association analysis between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) genes and the susceptibility to cryptococcosis in HIV-uninfected Chinese patients, which may provide new genetic predisposing factors for early-risk prediction of disease, individualised treatment and prognosis monitoring.

Bacterial and Fungal Infections After Liver Transplantation: Microbial Epidemiology, Risk Factors for Infection and Death with Infection.

BACKGROUND Infections, especially bacterial and fungal infections, are the leading cause of high mortality after liver transplantation (LT). This research investigated the pathogenic spectrum, antimicrobial susceptibility results, and risk factors of infection and death with infection to better control such infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed, and 433 liver transplant recipients between January 2010 and December 2016 were analyzed.

Rapid Nanopore Assay for Carbapenem-Resistant .

The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) is rapidly increasing worldwide in recent decades and poses a challenge for today's clinical practice. Rapid detection of CRKP can avoid inappropriate antimicrobial therapy and save lives. Traditional detection methods for CRKP are extremely time-consuming; PCR and other sequencing methods are too expensive and technologically demanding, making it hard to meet the clinical demands.

Development and evaluation of the method for detecting metallo-carbapenemases among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.

A simple EDTA synergistic carbapenem inactivation method (esCIM) based on the simplified carbapenem inactivation method (sCIM) and EDTA synergistic carbapenem inactivation test (eCIM) detected the levels of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) carbapenemase. The esCIM method uses EDTA-impregnated antibiotic disk to detect carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) directly instead of inculating the disk in the trypticase soy broth (TSB). To determine the sensitivity and specificity of esCIM, 167 carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates were collected, of which, 161 were CPE strains confirmed by PCR.

Development and validation of an advanced fragment analysis-based assay for the detection of 22 pathogens in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and encephalitis.

Background: Meningitis and encephalitis (ME) are central nervous system (CNS) infections mainly caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites that result in high morbidity and mortality. The early, accurate diagnosis of pathogens in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and timely medication are associated with better prognosis. Conventional methods, such as culture, microscopic examination, serological detection, CSF routine analysis, and radiological findings, either are time-consuming or lack sensitivity and specificity.

[Etiology, Prognosis and Risk Factors of 181 Adult Community-acquired Acute Bacterial Meningitis].

Objective: To understand the etiology, clinical prognosis and risk factors of adult community-acquired acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) and provide the evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 181 clinically diagnosed hospitalized patients with community-acquired adult ABM from Jan.2010 to Jan.