Clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with TRG 0 and TRG III in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy.

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is an important treatment for patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but neoadjuvant resistance affects the overall treatment outcome. Therefore, it is particularly important to accurately screen the population for NAT and explore the mechanism of resistance. Usually, different chemotherapy regimens cause different drug resistance mechanisms.

Aberrant m5C hypermethylation mediates intrinsic resistance to gefitinib through NSUN2/YBX1/QSOX1 axis in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer.

Background: RNA 5-methylcytosine (mC) modification plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of various tumors. However, the function and molecular mechanism of RNA mC modification in tumor drug resistance remain unclear.

Methods: The correlation between RNA mC methylation, mC writer NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) and EGFR-TKIs resistance was determined in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and patient samples.

RNA Structural Dynamics Modulate EGFR-TKI Resistance Through Controlling YRDC Translation in NSCLC Cells.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) positively affect the initial control of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Rapidly acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs is a major hurdle in successful treatment. However, the mechanisms that control the resistance of EGFR-TKIs remain largely unknown.

NSUN2-mediated mRNA mC Modification Regulates the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

RNA modifications affect many biological processes and physiological diseases. The 5-methylcytosine (mC) modification regulates the progression of multiple tumors. However, its characteristics and functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown.

Development and Verification of a Combined Immune- and Metabolism-Related Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Immune escape and metabolic reprogramming are becoming important characteristics of tumor biology, which play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. However, the integrative analysis of immune and metabolic characteristics for the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Herein, by univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses, a prognostic signature associated with tumor microenvironment was established based on five immune- and metabolism-related genes (IMRGs), which was fully verified and evaluated in both internal and external cohorts.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Anilino-4-Triazolpyrimidine Derivatives as CDK4/HDACs Inhibitors.

Purpose: To enhance the cytotoxicities of our obtained CDK4 inhibitors and get CDK4/HDACs inhibitors with potent enzymatic inhibitory and anti-proliferative activities.

Methods: A series of novel CDK4/HDACs inhibitors were designed and synthesized by incorporating the HDAC pharmacophores (hydroxylamine or o-diaminoaniline) into the basic structure of our newly obtained 2-anilino-4-triazolpyrimidine based CDK4 inhibitors. The enzymatic inhibitory (HDAC1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6) activities and cytotoxicities of these compounds were evaluated.

The Heterogeneity of Immune Cell Infiltration Landscape and Its Immunotherapeutic Implications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Immunotherapy, closely associated with immune infiltration and tumor mutation burden (TMB), is emerging as a promising strategy for treating tumors, but its low response rate in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge. Herein, we applied two algorithms to uncover the immune infiltration landscape of the immune microenvironment in 491 HCC patients. Three immune infiltration patterns were defined using the CIBERSORT method, and the immune cell infiltration (ICI) scores were established using principal component analysis.

regulates tumorigenesis and tumor immunity by targeting PD-L1/CCND1 in breast cancer.

Background: Challenges in medical care posed by rapid tumor progression, individualized responses to therapy, and the heterogeneous characteristics of breast cancer (BRCA) highlight the urgent need for new treatment strategies, as well as therapeutic and prognostic markers. Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNAs broadly participate in carcinogenesis, but our understanding of the role of in BRCA remains limited.

Methods: The prognosis of miR-93-5p, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CCND1 were analyzed by datasets.

Metformin attenuated sepsis-related liver injury by modulating gut microbiota.

Increased evidence shows that gut microbiota acts as the primary regulator of the liver; however, its role in sepsis-related liver injury (SLI) in the elderly is unclear. This study assessed whether metformin could attenuate SLI by modulating gut microbiota in septic-aged rats. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to induce SLI in aged rats.

High miR-3609 expression is associated with better prognosis in TNBC based on mining using systematic integrated public sequencing data.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Abnormal miR-3609 expression is associated with the occurrence of pancreatic cancer, glioma and other diseases, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the prognostic potential of miR-3609 has been reported in breast cancer.

Disturbance of hepatocyte growth and metabolism in a hyperammonemia microenvironment.

Background: We found through previous research that hyperammonemia can cause secondary liver damage. However, whether hepatocytes are target cells of ammonia toxicity and whether hyperammonemia affects hepatocyte metabolism remain unknown.

Aims: The purpose of the current study is to examine whether the hepatocyte is a specific target cell of ammonia toxicity and whether hyperammonemia can interfere with hepatocyte metabolism.

Corrigendum: Corticosteroids for Treating Sepsis in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.

Selective synergistic anticancer effects of cisplatin and oridonin against human p53-mutant esophageal squamous carcinoma cells.

Oridonin (ORI) is known to pose anticancer activity against cancer, which could induce the therapeutic impact of chemotherapy drugs. However, such simple combinations have numerous side effects such as higher toxicity to normal cells and tissues. To enhance the therapeutic effects with minimal side effects, here we used ORI in combination with cisplitin (CIS) against different esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines in vitro, to investigate the synergistic anticancer effects of the two drugs against ESCC.

EGR1-CCL2 Feedback Loop Maintains Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Cisplatin-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells and Promotes Tumor Angiogenesis.

Background: The mechanism of cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer (GC) is still elusive; several recent evidences proposed that chemoresistant tumor cells acquired aggressive behaviors.

Aims: This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis in chemoresistant GC.

Methods: Bioinformatics analysis and function or mechanism experiments including RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot, luciferase reporter assay, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay and animal experiments were applied to evaluate the role of EGR1-CCL2 feedback loop.

Corticosteroids for Treating Sepsis in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Corticosteroids are a common option used in sepsis treatment. However, the efficacy and potential risk of corticosteroids in septic patients have not been well assessed. This review was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis.

Identification of Distinct Molecular Subtypes of Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological cancers worldwide. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the major form of EC, accounting for 75-80% of cases. Currently, there is no molecular classification system for EAC, so there are no corresponding targeted treatments.

RNA -Methyladenosine in Cancer Metastasis: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Cancer metastasis is a symptom of adverse prognosis, a prime origin of therapy failure, and a lethal challenge for cancer patients. -methyladenosine (mA), the most prevailing modification in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of higher eukaryotes, has attracted increasing attention. Growing studies have verified the pivotal roles of mA methylation in controlling mRNAs and ncRNAs in diverse physiological processes.

Efficacy and safety of low-dose corticosteroids for acute respiratory distress syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There are conflicting results regarding whether corticosteroids have better efficacy than placebo in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients. Therefore, we aim to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in adult ARDS patients.

Methods: The databases, including Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in the Cochrane Library, were searched from their inception to May 2, 2020.