Performance and comparison of artificial intelligence and human experts in the detection and classification of colonic polyps.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to analyze the performance of different artificial intelligence (AI) models in endoscopic colonic polyp detection and classification and compare them with doctors with different experience.

Methods: We searched the studies on Colonoscopy, Colonic Polyps, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning published before May 2020 in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the citation index of the conference proceedings. The quality of studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 table of diagnostic test quality evaluation criteria.

Comparison of Two Kinds of Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography Techniques in the Evaluation of Jaundiced Infants Suspected of Biliary Atresia.

Purpose: To compare the reliability and performance of Supersonic shear wave elastography (S-SWE) and Toshiba shear wave elastography (T-SWE) in the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) and assessment of liver fibrosis among jaundiced infants suspected of BA. Material and Methods: A total of 35 patients with suspected BA who underwent both S-SWE and T-SWE examinations were prospectively included. Diagnostic performances of S-SWE and T-SWE in identifying BA were evaluated.

Saline-Aided Ultrasound Versus Upper Gastrointestinal Series in Neonates and Infants With Suspected Upper Gastrointestinal Obstruction: A Prospective Multicenter Comparative Study.

. Use of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series to diagnose UGI obstruction in neonates and infants has raised concern about increased radiation sensitivity of developing organs. .

The Prognosis of Type III Biliary Atresia with Hilar Cyst.

Objective: To compare the outcome of biliary atresia (BA) patients with and without hilar cyst on preoperative ultrasound.

Methods: A single center retrospective review of patients of BA with (n = 27) and without hilar cyst (n = 27) over a 5 y period was done. The patients were analyzed using propensity score matching to reduce selection bias.

Malignancy risk stratification and FNA recommendations for thyroid nodules: A comparison of ACR TI-RADS, AACE/ACE/AME and ATA guidelines.

Objective: To compare diagnostic performance and malignancy risk stratification among guidelines set forth by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in 2015, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), the American College of Endocrinology (ACE) and the Association Medici Endocrinologi (AME) in 2016, and the American College of Radiology (ACR) in 2017.

Methods: The retrospective study was approved by the hospital ethics committee, and the informed consent requirement was waived. From October 2015 to March 2016, a total of 230 patients with 230 consecutive thyroid nodules were enrolled in this study.

CT-based radiomics for preoperative prediction of early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: technical reproducibility of acquisition and scanners.

Purpose: To test the technical reproducibility of acquisition and scanners of CT image-based radiomics model for early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We included primary HCC patient undergone curative therapies, using early recurrence as endpoint. Four datasets were constructed: 109 images from hospital #1 for training (set 1: 1-mm image slice thickness), 47 images from hospital #1 for internal validation (sets 2 and 3: 1-mm and 10-mm image slice thicknesses, respectively), and 47 images from hospital #2 for external validation (set 4: vastly different from training dataset).

Postsurgical Management of Dilated Biliary Tract in Children: Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangial Drainage and Subsequent Percutaneous Ultrasound Cholangiography.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound (US)-guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) and consequent percutaneous US cholangiography in managing the dilated biliary tracts of children who have undergone hepatobiliary surgery. Sixteen children (11 boys, five girls; age range, 3-144 months) who underwent hepatobiliary surgery from December 2016 to October 2018 and had US evidence of biliary dilatation were included. All patients had undergone US-guided PTCD because of elevated postoperative serum bilirubin levels or bile duct infection.

Assessment of angiogenesis in rabbit orthotropic liver tumors using three-dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound compared with two-dimensional DCE-US.

Objectives: To evaluate quantitative three-dimensional (3D) dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) in the assessment of tumor angiogenesis using an orthotropic liver tumor model.

Methods: Nine New Zealand white rabbits with liver orthotropic VX2 tumors were established and imaged by two-dimensional (2D) and 3D DCE-US after SonoVue bolus injections. The intraclass correlation coefficients of perfusion parameters, including peak intensity (PI), mean transit time, time to peak, and area under the curve, were calculated based on time-intensity curve.

Outcomes after hepatectomy of patients with positive HBcAb Non-B Non-C hepatocellular carcinoma compared to overt hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) positivity is regarded as a sensitive marker for occult and prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, the prognosis of patients with HBcAb-positive in non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC) remains unclear. The study aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with HBcAb-positive NBNC-HCC to those with overt HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen positive) HCC.

Clinicopathological findings and imaging features of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: comparison between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Purpose: Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs) are a group of rare lesions with uncertain clinical findings and imaging features. We aim to investigate the clinicopathological features and imaging findings of IPNBs on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).

Methods: From February 2005 to March 2018, 30 patients with pathologically confirmed IPNBs were retrospectively identified in our hospital.

CT-based peritumoral radiomics signatures to predict early recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative tumor resection or ablation.

Objective: To construct a prediction model based on peritumoral radiomics signatures from CT images and investigate its efficiency in predicting early recurrence (ER) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment.

Materials And Methods: In total, 156 patients with primary HCC were randomly divided into the training cohort (109 patients) and the validation cohort (47 patients). From the pretreatment CT images, we extracted 3-phase two-dimensional images from the largest cross-sectional area of the tumor.

Ultrasound Evaluation of Biliary Atresia Based on Gallbladder Classification: Is 4 Hours of Fasting Necessary?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fasting time on the ultrasound identification and exclusion of biliary atresia in jaundiced infants through the use of the gallbladder classification scheme and to test the value of the gallbladder classification scheme in the diagnosis of biliary atresia in inexperienced individuals.

Methods: A total of 188 jaundiced infants were enrolled in this study. All patients received detailed abdominal sonograms.

Peritumoral tissue on preoperative imaging reveals microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Histologic microvascular invasion (MVI) substantially worsens the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and can only be diagnosed postoperatively. Preoperative assessment of MVI by imaging has been focused on tumor-related features, while peritumoral imaging features have been indicated elsewhere to be more accurate. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between peritumoral imaging features and MVI.

Non-Invasive Diagnostic Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis B Virus-Endemic Areas: Is Cirrhosis Indispensable?

Aim: To confirm whether cirrhosis is indispensable for the non-invasive diagnostic criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-endemic areas.

Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2014, a total of 409 patients with pathologically proven focal liver lesions who underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) were recruited from our institution. Clinical liver cirrhosis, HBV/HCV infection and HCC-typical vascular pattern of the targeted lesion on CEUS were evaluated.

Liver stiffness measurements with supersonic shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of biliary atresia: a comparative study with grey-scale US.

Objectives: To prospectively assess the diagnostic performance of supersonic shear wave elastography (SSWE) in identifying biliary atresia (BA) among infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia by comparing this approach with grey-scale ultrasonography (US).

Methods: Forty infants were analysed as the control group to determine normal liver stiffness values. The use of SSWE values for identifying BA was investigated in 172 infants suspected of having BA, and results were compared with the results obtained by grey-scale US.

Supersonic shearwave elastography in the assessment of liver fibrosis for postoperative patients with biliary atresia.

To explore an effective noninvasive tool for monitoring liver fibrosis of children with biliary atresia (BA) is important but evidences are limited. This study is to investigate the predictive accuracy of supersonic shearwave elastography (SSWE) in liver fibrosis for postoperative patients with BA and to compare it with aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). 24 patients with BA received SSWE and laboratory tests before scheduled for liver biopsy.

Hilar biliary neurofibroma without neurofibromatosis: case report with contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings.

Solitary neurofibroma located in the hilum of the liver is extremely rare, particularly without neurofibromatosis. We herein report a case of hilar biliary neurofibroma without signs of von Recklinghausen's disease. A 36-year-old man was admitted to our department with progressive jaundice.

Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence on the accuracy of various ultrasound findings for excluding a diagnosis of biliary atresia.

Materials And Methods: We searched MEDLINE and the Web of Science databases for the period from January 1990 to May 2015. To be included, studies had to satisfy two criteria.

Elastography of shear wave speed imaging for the evaluation of liver fibrosis: A meta-analysis.

Aim: A meta-analysis was carried out to assess the accuracies of shear wave speed imaging (SWSI) in predicting significant fibrosis (stages F2-4) and cirrhosis (stage F4).

Methods: A review was performed of relevant studies published until October 2015. A bivariate binomial model was used to combine the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUC), and 95% confidence intervals were derived to indicate the diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities.

Breast Lesions: Quantitative Diagnosis Using Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography-A Systematic Review and Meta--Analysis.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the diagnostic performance of shear wave elastography (SWE) in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus up to November 2014 was conducted. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed, and pooled weighted estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate mixed-effects regression model.

Focal Lesions in Fatty Liver: If Quantitative Analysis Facilitates the Differentiation of Atypical Benign from Malignant Lesions.

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative analysis as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) for the differentiation of atypical benign focal liver lesions (FLLs) from malignancies in fatty liver. Twenty-seven benign FLLs and fifty-six malignant FLLs that appeared hyper-enhanced during the arterial phase with washout in the portal or late phase in fatty liver were analyzed. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were applied to identify the specific features.

First Experience of Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Ablation for Recurrent Hepatoblastoma after Liver Resection in Children.

This study aimed to summarize the first experience with ultrasound-guided percutaneous ablation treatment (PAT) for recurrent hepatoblastoma (HB) after liver resection in children. From August 2013 to October 2014, PAT was used to treat 5 children with a total of 8 recurrent HB (mean size, 1.4 ± 0.