Analysis of risk factors related to the progression rate of hemifacial spasm.

Introduction: Although there have been many researches on the etiology and risk factors with the onset of hemifacial spasm, researches on the risk factors related to progression rate are limited. This study aims to analyze the risk factors related to the progression rate of hemifacial spasm.

Methods: The study enrolled 142 patients who underwent microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.

Effects of Propofol on Cortical Electroencephalograms in the Operation of Glioma-Related Epilepsy.

Background: A cortical electroencephalogram (ECoG) is often used for the intraoperative monitoring of epilepsy surgery, and propofol is an important intravenous anesthetic, but its effect on EEGs is unclear.

Objectives: To further clarify the effect of propofol on cortical ECoGs during glioma-related epilepsy surgery and to clarify the possible clinical value.

Methods: A total of 306 patients with glioma were included in the study.

Effects of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on cerebral oxygen saturation, cerebral perfusion, and early prognosis after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on oxygen saturation and cerebral perfusion in the early stages of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: This study included 136 consecutive TBI patients and 51 healthy individuals. The APOE genotypes of all subjects were determined using quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR).

Prediction of early prognosis after traumatic brain injury by multifactor model.

Aims: To design a model to predict the early prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) based on parameters that can be quickly obtained in emergency conditions from medical history, physical examination, and supplementary examinations.

Methods: The medical records of TBI patients who were hospitalized in two medical institutions between June 2015 and June 2021 were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into the training set, validation set, and testing set.

MRI measurements the linear volume of posterior cranial fossa in patients with hemifacial spasm.

To explore the pathogenesis of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and the effect of posterior fossa volume on postoperative complications. The measurements of the antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum, the length of supraocciput, the angle of tentorium cerebelli, clivus and occipital bone were performed on MRI. The data of measurements and postoperative complications were then analyzed and statistically examined.

Development and Validation of an Automatic System for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Medical Text Recognition and Treatment Plan Output.

The main purpose of the study was to explore a reliable way to automatically handle emergency cases, such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, an artificial intelligence (AI) system, named, H-system, was designed to automatically recognize medical text data of ICH patients and output the treatment plan. Furthermore, the efficiency and reliability of the H-system were tested and analyzed.

APOE gene polymorphism alters cerebral oxygen saturation and quantitative EEG in early-stage traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To investigate the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism on regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO) and quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) at the early phase of adult traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: clinical data of TBI patients who were admitted to the neurosurgery intensive care unit (NICU) were retrospectively evaluated and studied, and data of healthy volunteers were recruited as control. The APOE genotypes were genotyped by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR).

Association study of the pneumatization degree of mastoid air cells and postoperative complications after microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm.

Background: This study aimed to analyse the association between the degree of pneumatization of mastoid air cells (MACs) and postoperative complications after microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 308 patients with hemifacial spasm who underwent surgery at our institute between January 2017 and March 2021. The degree of pneumatization of MACs was classified into four grades (grades 1, 2, 3, and 4) according to method of Han et al.

Association Study of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism With Incidence and Delayed Resolution of Hemifacial Spasm.

This study investigates the correlation between Apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) polymorphism and the incidence and delayed resolution of hemifacial spasms. The APOE genotypes of 151 patients with hemifacial spasm and 73 control cases were determined by cleaved amplification polymorphism sequence-tagged sites. The distribution of three APOE alleles (ε2, ε3, and ε4) in two groups and the delayed resolution rate in 6 genotypes were calculated and statistically analyzed.

The Efficacy and Safety of <2 cm Micro-Keyhole Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm.

Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery has been accepted as a minimally invasive surgical modality for the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, the size of the bone window does not match the concept of minimally invasive. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of <2 cm micro-keyhole MVD.

Artery and venous sinus occlusion image score (AVOIS): A novel method to evaluate occlusive cerebral arteries and venous diseases.

Aim: To establish an artery and venous sinus occlusion image score (AVOIS) which is compatible in both cerebral arteries and venous system diseases.

Methods: A total of 188 consecutive patients with the final diagnosis of anterior circulation infarct (ACI) and 56 consecutive patients with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) were retrospectively studied. The AVOIS was developed based on the severity of occlusive changes of main intracranial arteries and venous sinuses (present = 0, partial occlusion = 1, absent = 2), and divided into four groups (CVST group: 0, 1-5, 6-10, >10.

Neat1 decreases neuronal apoptosis after oxygen and glucose deprivation.

Studies have shown that downregulation of nuclear-enriched autosomal transcript 1 (Neat1) may adversely affect the recovery of nerve function and the increased loss of hippocampal neurons in mice. Whether Neat1 has protective or inhibitory effects on neuronal cell apoptosis after secondary brain injury remains unclear. Therefore, the effects of Neat1 on neuronal apoptosis were observed.

The Venous Occlusion Image Score: A Novel Quantitative Scoring Instrument for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Purpose: This study aims to test the validity of a new quantitative scoring instrument-the Venous Occlusion Image Score (VOIS), and assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of VOIS for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST).

Methods: The VOIS divided the major cerebral venous sinuses and internal jugular veins into nine parts of interest. CT venography and DSA source images and reconstruction were extracted from the database, then interpreted and scored independently according to VOIS by a panel of three reviewers.

Effects of Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation After Traumatic Brain Injury.

To investigate the effects of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) on the cerebral oxygen saturation of patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinical data of 114 patients with TBI and 54 normal people were collected. The APOE genotypes of all subjects were determined by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR).

Inhibitory effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor on epilepsy.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its receptor, GLP-1R, are valuable tools in the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although GLP-1R stimulation is also potentially applicable to neurological disorders, few investigators have evaluated its beneficial effects in neurological disease models. Thus, we aimed to look into the antiepileptic effects of GLP-1R on epilepsy and its underlying mechanisms.

UCH-L1 inhibition aggravates mossy fiber sprouting in the pentylenetetrazole kindling model.

Mossy fiber sprouting (MFS) is a pathological phenomenon that is commonly observed in epilepsy, and plentiful data reveal that abnormal phosphorylated modification of tau protein plays a critical role in MSF by the regulation of microtubule dynamics and axonal transport. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), a proteasomal deubiquitinating enzyme, has been proved to be associated with tau aggregation through mediating degradation of ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated tau. Thus, this study aimed to determine the expression of UCH-L1 in the rat hippocampus during the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced process and to demonstrate the possible correlation with MFS in epileptogenesis.

Inhibition of Calcineurin A by FK506 Suppresses Seizures and Reduces the Expression of GluN2B in Membrane Fraction.

FK506, a calcineurin inhibitor, shows neuroprotective effects and has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Calcineurin A (CaNA), a catalytic subunit of calcineurin, mediates the dephosphorylation of various proteins. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (GluN) is closely related to epileptogenesis, and various phosphorylation sites of GluN2B, a regulatory subunit of the GluN complex, have different functions.

[Vildagliptin suppresses temporal lobe epilepsy by up-regulating glucagon-like peptide-1].

Objective: To investigate the effect of vildagliptin on pentamethazol (PTZ)-induced epilepsy in rats and explore the molecular mechanism.

Methods: Samples of temporal cortex from 23 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were collected as epilepsy group and samples of temporal cortex from 14 patients with brain trauma were used as control group. Ninety male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (group A), PTZ-induced epilepsy group (group B), saline 2 mL/kg group (group C), vildagliptin 2.

Abnormal Expression of FBXL20 in Refractory Epilepsy Patients and a Pilocarpine-Induced Rat Model.

E3 ubiquitin ligases are important protein-modifying enzymes involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 20 (FBXL20), an E3 ubiquitin ligase widely expressed in the central nervous system, plays an important role in the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis 1 (RIM1), which is an important factor in the release of synaptic vesicles. FBXL20 has been associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases; thus, we hypothesized that FBXL20 is involved in the development of epilepsy.

Intravenous administration of Honokiol provides neuroprotection and improves functional recovery after traumatic brain injury through cell cycle inhibition.

Recently, increasing evidence has shown that cell cycle activation is a key factor of neuronal death and neurological dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the effects of Honokiol, a cell cycle inhibitor, on attenuating the neuronal damage and facilitating functional recovery after TBI in rats, in an attempt to unveil its underlying molecular mechanisms in TBI. This study suggested that delayed intravenous administration of Honokiol could effectively ameliorate TBI-induced sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunctions.

Decreased expression of Gab2 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and pilocarpine-induced rat model.

Growth factor receptor bound protein-2 associated binding protein-2 (Gab2) is widely expressed in the central nervous system, and participates in multiple signaling pathways. Recent studies showed that Gab2 was involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Gab2 reduces tau phosphorylation levels and is associated with cellular apoptosis and differentiation.

Protective effects of erythropoietin on astrocytic swelling after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation: mediation through AQP4 expression and MAPK pathway.

Recent in vivo studies have shown that erythropoietin (EPO) offers strong protection against brain edema. However, the intracellular and molecular mechanisms behind this beneficial effect have not been specified. The aim of this study was to determine whether human erythropoietin (rhEPO) reduces the astrocytic swelling created by oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/Reox) in vitro and whether this effect can be mediated through the modulation of aquaporin4 (AQP4) expression in the plasma membrane (PM) and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MAPK) pathway.

Predictive value of electrocorticography for postoperative epilepsy in patients with supratentorial meningioma.

This study examines electrocorticography (ECoG) signals in patients with supratentorial meningioma before and after tumor resection, and discusses its predictive value with regard to postoperative epilepsy. Ninety-one patients with supratentorial meningioma, who presented with seizures, were studied. Patients were followed-up for 2 to 5 years, and the occurrence rate of postoperative epilepsy in each group was compared.

Beneficial effects of carbamylated erythropoietin against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced astrocyte swelling: proposed molecular mechanisms of action.

Carbamylated erythropoietin (C-EPO), one of the erythropoietin derivatives, retains strong anti-edema and neuroprotective properties while lacking the hematopoietic complications of erythropoietin. This study investigated the intracellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-edema property of C-EPO. An in vitro model of astrocyte swelling was created by 5h of oxygen-glucose deprivation and subsequent reperfusion (OGD/Rep).

[Blocking p38 signal pathway lowers MMP-9 expression and reduces brain edema in rats with traumatic brain injury].

Objective: To explore the role of p38 signal pathway in regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and brain edema formation in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A total of 130 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the normal group (n=10), sham-operated group (n=40), TBI (induced by Feeney free falling methods) group (n=40), and SB group with intraperitoneal SB203580 treatment (10 µmol/L) 15 min before TBI (n=40). The rats were sacrificed 2 h and 2 days after TBI.