Controlling Radiation Beams by High-Efficiency Metasurfaces with Enhanced Refractive Index Elements.

The efficient manipulation of the electromagnetic wavefront using metasurfaces (MSs) has attracted a continuous amount of attention in recent years. MSs with arbitrarily controllable amplitude and phase are highly desirable in many emerging fields. However, in previous research, the resonance effect has mainly been used to accomplish the task.

Intercoupling of Cascaded Metasurfaces for Broadband Spectral Scalability.

Electromagnetic metasurfaces have been intensively used as ultra-compact and easy-to-integrate platforms for versatile wave manipulations from optical to terahertz (THz) and millimeter wave (MMW) ranges. In this paper, the less investigated effects of the interlayer coupling of multiple metasurfaces cascaded in parallel are intensively exploited and leveraged for scalable broadband spectral regulations. The hybridized resonant modes of cascaded metasurfaces with interlayer couplings are well interpreted and simply modeled by the transmission line lumped equivalent circuits, which are used in return to guide the design of the tunable spectral response.

Bilobalide Suppresses Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMPK Signaling Pathway.

Bilobalide, the only sesquiterpene compound from leaf, exhibits various beneficial pharmaceutical activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and protective effects for the central nervous system. Several bioactive components extracted from extract reportedly have the potential to attenuate lipid metabolism. However, the effect of bilobalide on lipid metabolism remains unclear.

Endo-siRNAs regulate early embryonic development by inhibiting transcription of long terminal repeat sequence in pig†.

Activity of some endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) has been proven to be important for development of early mammalian embryo. However, abnormal activation of ERVs can also cause genetic diseases due to their ability to retrotranspose, so the regulatory mechanism to limit transcription of ERVs needs to be clarified. Endogenous small interfering RNA (endo-siRNA) has been reported to protect cells against transposable elements (TEs).

[Effects of three Bacillus strains on growth promoting and rhizosphere soil microflora of tomato.].

The effects of Bacillus Bs10, Ba12 and Bl10 on tomato growth and soil rhizosphere microorganisms were determined by Petri dish germination test and pot experiments. The results showed that Bs10, Ba12 and Bl10 exhibited remarkable promoting effect on the length of hypocotyl and radical, as well as the growth of plants. The length, surface area and volume of tomato roots increased significantly after treatment with Bacillus stains, the numbers and proportions of soil bacteria also increased markedly, while those of soil fungi decreased.

Half-spaced substrate integrated spoof surface plasmon polaritons based transmission line.

In this paper, a new spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based transmission line (TL) with semi-open structure is proposed, which is implemented on a single-layer substrate with metallized via holes planted on a ground plane. The electromagnetic (EM) power propagates along it in the form of controlled slow surface wave, which is the same with its existing counterparts. The proposed TL can adjust the degree of EM energy confinement, and thus balance its performance in every characteristic, in particular attenuation and interference.

Dynamic Behaviors of Condensing Clusters Based on Rayleigh Scattering Experiment.

Condensation is a common physical process which widely exists in natural phenomena and thermal energy systems. In a condensation process, cluster is considered as the important bridge between vapor body and condensates. However, limited by the minimum imaging dimension of traditional measurements, early experimental studies about initial stages of condensation process are not sufficient.

Ultralight Graphene Foam/Conductive Polymer Composites for Exceptional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.

Ultralight, high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding graphene foam (GF)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) composites are developed by drop coating of PEDOT:PSS on cellular-structured, freestanding GFs. To enhance the wettability and the interfacial bonds with PEDOT:PSS, GFs are functionalized with 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. The GF/PEDOT:PSS composites possess an ultralow density of 18.

[Effects and mechanism of two Streptomyces strains on promoting plant growth and increasing grain yield of maize].

This paper was mainly to explore the effects of two Streptomyces strains (S. roche D74 and S. pactum Act12) and their mixed actinomycetes agent on maize growth.

Isolation and characterization of a highly efficient chlorpyrifos degrading strain of Cupriavidus taiwanensis from sludge.

In this study, a highly effective chlorpyrifos (CP)-degrading bacterium (termed strain X1) was isolated from the sludge of drain outlet of a chlorpyrifos manufacturer. Strain X1 was identified as Cupriavidus taiwanensis based upon the analysis of the 16S rDNA gene and biochemical characteristics, which is capable of transforming CP into 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), and the resulting TCP was further metabolized when performed in an aqueous medium. Degradation experiments were carried out under different conditions at the range of pH (5.

Independent mobility of proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli.

Fluidity is essential for many biological membrane functions. The basis for understanding membrane structure remains the classic Singer-Nicolson model, in which proteins are embedded within a fluid lipid bilayer and able to diffuse laterally within a sea of lipid. Here we report lipid and protein diffusion in the plasma membrane of live cells of the bacterium Escherichia coli, using Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) and Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to measure lateral diffusion coefficients.

Signal-dependent turnover of the bacterial flagellar switch protein FliM.

Most biological processes are performed by multiprotein complexes. Traditionally described as static entities, evidence is now emerging that their components can be highly dynamic, exchanging constantly with cellular pools. The bacterial flagellar motor contains approximately 13 different proteins and provides an ideal system to study functional molecular complexes.