Comediation of voltage gating and ion charge in MXene membrane for controllable and selective monovalent cation separation.

Artificial ion channels with controllable mono/monovalent cation separation fulfill important roles in biomedicine, ion separation, and energy conversion. However, it remains a daunting challenge to develop an artificial ion channel similar to biological ion channels due to ion-ion competitive transport and lack of ion-gating ability of channels. Here, we report a conductive MXene membrane with polydopamine-confined angstrom-scale channels and propose a voltage gating and ion charge comediation strategy to concurrently achieve gated and selective mono/monovalent cation separation.

Complete genome sequence of Paracidovorax avenae causing red stripe in sugarcane.

Objective: Paracidovorax avenae (Pa) is the causative agent of red stripe disease in sugarcane and belongs to the Gram-negative β-Proteobacteria. Red stripe is a major bacterial disease of sugarcane worldwide. Limited genome sequences of Pa can be used for exploring the phylogenetic and genetic diversity analysis in this pathogen at the complete genome level.

Regulating the Electronic Structure of Cu Single-Atom Catalysts toward Enhanced Electro-Fenton Degradation of Organic Contaminants via O and OH.

Heterogeneous electro-Fenton degradation with O and OH generated from O reduction is cost-effective for the removal of refractory organic pollutants from wastewater. As O is more tolerant to background constituents such as salt ions and a high pH value than OH, tuning the production of O and OH is important for efficient electro-Fenton degradation. However, it remains a great challenge to selectively produce O and improve the species yield.

Identification of key antigenic sites in hemagglutinin of H10N3 avian influenza virus.

The H10 avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been detected in both birds and mammals. Recently, the cases of human infection with H10N8 and H10N3 in China pose high risk to public health. However, the antigenic sites in hemagglutinin (HA) of H10 are poorly understood.

Characterization and functional analysis of chicken promyelocytic leukemia protein.

In mammals, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, also named as TRIM19, is the key component of nuclear membrane-less sub structures PML nuclear bodies (PML-NB) or nuclear domains 10 (ND10). PML-NBs are dynamic foci that consist of numerous permanently or transiently associated proteins. The mammalian PMLs are involved in the regulation of various cellular pathways, including apoptosis, intrinsic and innate antiviral immunity, cell cycle, DNA damage, senescence and etc.

Synthesis and immunotherapy efficacy of a PD-L1 small-molecule inhibitor combined with its I-iodide labelled isostructural compound.

Although antibody-based immune checkpoint blockades have been successfully used in antitumor immunotherapy, the low response rate is currently the main problem. In this work, a small-molecule programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L1) inhibitor, LG-12, was developed and radiolabeled with I to obtain the chemically and biologically identical radiopharmaceutical [I]LG-12, which aimed to improve the antitumor effect by combination of LG-12 and [I]LG-12. LG-12 showed high inhibitory activity to PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.

Promoting Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO and Nitrate to Urea on N-Doped Porous Hollow Carbon Spheres.

The electrocatalytic coreduction of CO and nitrate is a green method for urea synthesis, mitigating CO emission and nitrate contamination. However, its slow kinetics and high energy barrier result in a poor urea production performance. Herein, we reported N-doped porous hollow carbon spheres (N-PHCS) for promoting CO and nitrate conversion to urea via nanoconfinement and N-doping from both reaction kinetics and thermodynamics.

Preclinical Evaluation of a PSMA Aptamer-Based Bifunctional PET and Fluorescent Probe.

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor affecting male individuals worldwide. The accurate early detection of prostate cancer is crucial to preventing unnecessary diagnosis and subsequent excessive treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Exploring Defect Dynamics and Twin-Layer Interactions in SiC Crystals through Molecular Simulations.

Silicon carbide (SiC), a third-generation semiconductor material, is pivotal for applications in new energy vehicles, aerospace, and high-speed electronics, owing to its superior properties. This study delves into the twin-induced growth behaviors of SiC crystals through molecular dynamics simulations at temperatures ranging from 2700 to 3200 K. It focuses on the wurtzite and zinc blende SiC structures, revealing dynamic defect behavior during growth, including an initial rise and subsequent decrease in vacancies, with particular emphasis on prevalent defects within zinc blende twin layers.

Scaling-Free Cathodes: Enabling Electrochemical Extraction of High-Purity Nano-CaCO and -Mg(OH) in Seawater.

For electrochemical application in seawater or brine, continuous scaling on cathodes will form insulation layers, making it nearly impossible to run an electrochemical reaction continuously. Herein, we report our discovery that a cathode consisting of conical nanobundle arrays with hydrophobic surfaces exhibits a unique scaling-free function. The hydrophobic surfaces will be covered with microbubbles created by electrolytic water splitting, which limits scale crystals from standing only on nanotips of conical nanobundles, and the bursting of large bubbles formed by the accumulation of microbubbles will cause a violent disturbance, removing scale crystals automatically from nanotips.

Huanglian Wendan Decoction Improves Insomnia in Rats by Regulating BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway Through Gut Microbiota-Mediated SCFAs and Affecting Microglia Polarization.

Insomnia is a typical type of sleep disorder. Huanglian Wendan Decoction (HWD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with the effects of regulating Qi, drying dampness and resolving phlegm, calming the mind, and relieving irritation. This study aims to investigate the effect of HWD on insomnia in rats and its mechanism.

Molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus in eastern and southern China during 2021-2023.

As a highly infectious and contagious pathogen in chickens, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is currently grouped into nine genotypes (GI to GIX). However, the classification of serotypes of IBV is still not clear. In this study, 270 field strains of IBV were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in eastern and southern China during January 2021 to April 2023.

PMSNet: Multiscale Partial-Discharge Signal Feature Recognition Model via a Spatial Interaction Attention Mechanism.

Partial discharge (PD) is a localized discharge phenomenon in the insulator of electrical equipment resulting from the electric field strength exceeding the local dielectric breakdown electric field. Partial-discharge signal identification is an important means of assessing the insulation status of electrical equipment and critical to the safe operation of electrical equipment. The identification effect of traditional methods is not ideal because the PD signal collected is subject to strong noise interference.

MgO-loaded tubular ceramic membrane with spatial nanoconfinement for enhanced catalytic ozonation in refractory wastewater treatment.

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) enables the destruction of organic pollutants in wastewater via oxidation by powerful hydroxyl radicals (·OH). However, the availability of short-lived ·OH in aqueous bulk is low in practical treatment scenarios due to mass transfer limitations and quenching of water constituents. Herein, we overcome these challenges by loading MgO catalysts inside the pores of a tubular ceramic membrane (denoted as CCM) to confine ·OH within the nanopores and achieve efficient pollutant removal.

Analysis of the effects of M2 macrophage-derived PDE4C on the prognosis, metastasis and immunotherapy benefit of osteosarcoma.

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), encompassing M1 and M2 subtypes, exert significant effects on osteosarcoma (OS) progression and immunosuppression. However, the impacts of TAM-derived biomarkers on the progression of OS remains limited. The GSE162454 profile was subjected to single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing analysis to identify crucial mediators between TAMs and OS cells.

Electrostatic-induced ion-confined partitioning in graphene nanolaminate membrane for breaking anion-cation co-transport to enhance desalination.

Constructing nanolaminate membranes made of two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets has gained enormous interest in recent decades. However, a key challenge facing current graphene-based membranes is their poor rejection for monovalent salts due to the swelling-induced weak nanoconfinement and the transmembrane co-transport of anions and cations. Herein, we propose a strategy of electrostatic-induced ion-confined partitioning in a reduced graphene oxide membrane for breaking the correlation of anions and cations to suppress anion-cation co-transport, substantially improving the desalination performance.

Efficient electro-Fenton degradation of organic pollutants via the synergistic effect of O and OH generated on single FeN sites.

The electro-Fenton with in situ generated O and OH is a promising method for the degradation of micropollutants. However, its application is hindered by the lack of catalysts that can efficiently generate O and OH from electrochemical oxygen reduction. Herein, N-doped stacked carbon nanosheets supported Fe single atoms (Fe-NSC) with FeN sites were designed for simultaneous generation of O and OH to enhance electro-Fenton degradation.

Effects ofAs8structure formation on the surface morphology and internal microstructure of GaAs thin films.

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) materials have the advantages of high electron mobility, electron saturation drift rate, and other irreplaceable semiconducting properties. They play an important role in the electronics, solar and other fields. However, during GaAs film sedimentary growth, As atoms can undergo segregation to formAs8clusters because of the influence of external factors, which affect the surface morphology and internal structure of these films.

Nanostructured SnO Thin Films Based on a Convenient Chemical Deposition for Sensitive Detection of Ethanol.

A specific matrix sensor that can operate at low temperatures and has a high sensing response is crucial for monitoring flammable VOC gases. In this study, a nanostructured SnO thin film was successfully produced using a suitable chemical deposition method, and its sensing properties were comprehensively analyzed. The SEM images revealed that the thin film of the nanostructured SnO is made up of two different sizes of broccoli-like structure nanoparticles.

Promoting CO Electroreduction to Ethane by Iodide-Derived Copper with the Hydrophobic Surface.

Electrochemical reduction of CO to value-added products provides a feasible pathway for mitigating net carbon emissions and storing renewable energy. However, the low dimerization efficiency of the absorbed CO intermediate (*CO) and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction hinder the selective electroreduction of CO to ethane (CH) with a high energy density. Here, we designed hydrophobic iodide-derived copper electrodes (I-Cu/Nafion) for reducing CO to CH.

Isolation and genomic characterization of chicken infectious anemia virus in Jiangsu province of China during 2020-2022.

As an immunosuppressive disease virus, chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) mainly infects chickens, causing aplastic anemia and systemic lymphoid tissue atrophy. In recent years, the prevalence of CIAV in the poultry industry globally has caused huge economic losses. In this study, a total of 223 clinical samples, including anal swabs, tissues, blood, and vaccines, were collected from 19 broiler farms or breeding companies in Jiangsu province, with symptoms of significant anemia and immunosuppression during 2020-2022.