Predictors of mood disturbance in older adults: a longitudinal cohort study.

Purpose: Given the significant mental health challenges faced by the aging population, this study aimed to identify key predictors of mood disturbances among older adults, focusing on socioeconomic, health, and cognitive factors.

Methods: This post-hoc analysis utilized publicly available data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study conducted in the United States. The analysis included 2,820 adults aged 65 years and above who were followed for three years (age average range 75-79 years, 54.

Harnessing spinal circuit reorganization for targeted functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts the communication between the brain and spinal cord, resulting in the loss of motor function below the injury site. However, spontaneous structural and functional plasticity occurs in neural circuits after SCI, with unaffected synaptic inputs forming new connections and detour pathways to support recovery. The review discusses various mechanisms of circuit reorganization post-SCI, including supraspinal pathways, spinal interneurons, and spinal central pattern generators.

Integrating network pharmacology, molecular docking, and bioinformatics to explore the mechanism of sparganii rhizoma in the treatment of laryngeal cancer.

Sparganii Rhizoma (SR) has demonstrated promising anticancer effects across various malignancies; however, its mechanisms in laryngeal cancer (LC) remain poorly understood. This study employs network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying SR's therapeutic effects on LC, providing novel insights for its potential use in treatment. Active compounds and targets of SR were identified through the TCMSP and Pharmmapper databases, while LC-related targets were sourced from GEO, GeneCards, OMIM, and PharmGkb databases.

Unlocking the Potential of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are micro-nanoscale biological particles encapsulated by phospholipid bilayers, which regulate cell migration, angiogenesis and tumour cell growth by transmitting various biomolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. EVs are composed of exosomes, microparticles and apoptotic bodies. Its benefits pass through biofilms and are not degraded by various enzymes, so it can be used as a biomarker in potential diseases and has attracted much attention from researchers.

Simulation Research on Low-Frequency Magnetic Noise in Fe-Based Nanocrystalline Magnetic Shields.

Depending on high permeability, high Curie temperature, and low eddy current loss noise, nanocrystalline alloys, as the innermost layer, exhibit great potential in the construction of cylindrical magnetic shielding systems with a high shielding coefficient and low magnetic noise. This study compares a magnetic noise of 1 Hz, simulated by the finite element method (FEM), of a cylindrical nanocrystalline magnetic shield with different structural parameters based on the measured initial permeability of commercial Fe-based nanocrystalline (1K107). The simulated results demonstrate that the magnetic noise is irrelevant to the pump and probe hole diameter.

From physical activity patterns to cognitive status: development and validation of novel digital biomarkers for cognitive assessment in older adults.

Background: This study aims to investigate the associations between signal-level physical activity (PA) features derived from wrist accelerometry data and cognitive status in older adults, and to evaluate their potential predictive value when combined with demographics.

Methods: We analyzed PA data from 3,363 older adults (NHATS: n = 747; NHANES: n = 2,616), with each participant contributing a complete 3-day continuous activity sequence. We extracted the most relevant PA features associated with cognitive function using feature engineering and recursive feature elimination.

Association between weight-adjusted-waist index and long-term prognostic outcomes in cardiovascular disease patients: results from the NHANES 1999-2018 study.

Background: As cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality increase yearly, this study aimed to explore the potential of the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and its relation to long-term mortality in patients with CVD.

Methods: The diagnosis of CVD was based on standardized medical condition questionnaires that incorporated participants' self-reported physician diagnoses. WWI (cm/√kg) is a continuous variable and calculated as waist circumference (WC, cm) divided by square root of body weight (kg).

Unveiling Microscopic Variations during Photodynamic Therapy via Polarity-Responsive Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging.

Photodynamic therapy is a highly promising method for cancer adjuvant treatment. However, the current research on the microscopic changes during the photodynamic therapy process is still quite limited, which seriously impedes the deep understanding of the procedure. For this purpose, a novel polarity-responsive probe, , with excellent mitochondrial targeting and anchoring capabilities has been rationally designed and synthesized.

Recent advances in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of cancer.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) have garnered significant attention in cancer research because of their potential for precise spatiotemporal drug release tailored to high ROS levels within tumors. Despite the challenges posed by ROS distribution heterogeneity and endogenous supply constraints, this review highlights the strategic alliance of ROS-responsive DDSs with photodynamic therapy (PDT), enabling selective drug delivery and leveraging PDT-induced ROS for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review delves into the biological importance of ROS in cancer progression and treatment.

Structural characterization of an apple polysaccharide and its anti-inflammatory effect through suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling.

The current study isolated a homogeneous polysaccharide (AP) with a molecular weight of 7.9 kDa from the pomace of Fuji apples. AP was found to consists of rhamnose, galactose, arabinose, glucose, and galacturonic acid in a ratio of 4.

Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis of Attenuated Strain GnVn.1 Causing Mild Wilt in Sunflower.

, previously classified in the genus until 2007, is an attenuated pathogen known to provide cross-protection against wilt in various crops. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying its reduced virulence, we conducted genome sequencing, annotation, and a comparative genome analysis of GnVn.1 (GnVn.

Quality Characteristics Changes of the Fat Portion of Chinese Bacon During Processing Based on Physicochemical Properties and Microstructure Studies.

In order to elucidate the development of quality properties in the fat portion of Chinese bacon during low-temperature smoking (LTS), raw pork was cured for five days, followed by infusion with smoked liquid and a subsequent ten-day smoking period characterized by alternating high and low-temperature conditions. The physicochemical characteristics and microstructures of the fat portion of the Chinese bacon were examined at three stages: the raw meat stage (Control), the curing stage (C3d and C5d), and the smoking stage (S5d and S10d). The results showed that LTS increased the hardness, transparency, and b* value of bacon fat.

Effect of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on respiratory function and decannulation outcome in patients with tracheostomy after stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training (IEMT) for patients who underwent tracheostomy after stroke.

Methods: The study was an investigator-initiated, single-center, two-arm, evaluator-blinded, randomized clinical trial conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China, from January 2022 to June 2022. The patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group.

Prediction of acute myeloid leukemia prognosis based on autophagy features and characterization of its immune microenvironment.

Background: Autophagy promotes the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by removing damaged organelles and proteins and protecting them from stress-induced apoptosis. Although many studies have identified candidate autophagy genes associated with AML prognosis, there are still great challenges in predicting the survival prognosis of AML patients. Therefore, it is necessary to identify more novel autophagy gene markers to improve the prognosis of AML by utilizing information at the molecular level.

The significance of postbypass blood flow model in side to side bypass for moyamoya disease in predicting postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome.

Objective: We previously developed the use of side to side (s-s) bypass for the treatment of adult moyamoya disease (MMD) and discovered several kinds of distinct blood flow models intraoperatively, which we observed through indocyanine green-video angiography (ICG-VA). The purpose of this paper was to investigate the correlation between blood flow model (BFM) identified in s-s bypass and the incidence of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) among patients with MMD.

Methods: We analyzed 166 hemispheres from 153 patients diagnosed with MMD, including 118 hemispheres with s-s bypass and 48 with end to side (e-s) bypass.

Preparation of a novel enzyme-modified cheddar cheese: Molecular mechanism of cheese flavor compensation by synergistic action of cell-free extracts and enzyme systems.

A novel enzyme-modified cheddar cheese was prepared and the molecular mechanism of cheese flavor compensation by synergistic action of cell-free extracts and enzyme systems was investigated. By comparing five different protease-peptidase combinations, the group of neutral protease and flavor protease was found to increase the total leucine, valine, and isoleucine content (17.056 ± 0.

Augmenting antioxidative capacity of myosin and cytoprotective potential of myosin digestion products through the integration of crocin and crocetin: A comprehensive analysis via quantum chemical computing and molecular dynamics.

This study explores the binding properties of two important constituents from Crocus sativus L (crocin and crocetin) with myosin, examining their influence on antioxidant capacity in myosin and a grilled meat model. And their impact on cytoprotective potential of myosin digestion products was also assessed in Caco-2 cells. Crocin and crocetin exhibited discernible binding affinity to myosin via static quenching, which induced conformational alterations that bolstered the antioxidant capacity of myosin, preventing peroxidation, which also corroborated in a grilled meat model.

Integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk transcriptome data identifies a pyroptosis-associated diagnostic model for Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an insidious onset. Despite the emphasis on motor symptom-based diagnosis, there remains an unmet clinical need for effective diagnostic approaches during the prodromal phase of PD. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk transcriptomic analyses of PD patients open avenues for identifying potential diagnostic biomarkers.

Effects of low-frequency rTMS combined with speech and language therapy on Broca's aphasia in subacute stroke patients.

Introduction: Broca's aphasia is a crushing syndrome after stroke. Although there are multiple therapies, the recovery of a considerable number of patients is still not ideal. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with speech and language therapy has been a promising combination regimen in recent years.

A comparative study on the thermal runaway process mechanism of a pouch cell based on Li-rich layered oxide cathodes with different activation degrees.

Li-rich layered oxide (LLO) is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the next-generation batteries. At present, most of the research studies are focusing on the normal electrochemical properties of LLOs, while safety issues of the cells are neglected. To address this problem, this article systematically investigates the thermal runaway (TR) process of the pouch cell based on LLOs and elucidates how different activation degrees influence the thermal stability of the cathode material and cell, through various thermal analysis methods.

Accelerating T relaxation time measurements of noble gas using transverse low-frequency square-wave magnetic field modulation.

The longitudinal relaxation time (T) of noble gas nuclear spins is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of an atomic comagnetometer, significantly influencing the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. Traditional measurement techniques, such as the free induction decay method combined with the spin growth technique (FIDSG), are time-consuming for gases with extended T durations, such as Ne, and are prone to substantial environmental variability. Here, we propose the transverse low-frequency square-wave magnetic field modulation (LSMM) method for the rapid measurement of T.

A national cross-sectional survey on community spinal cord injury individuals profiles, health-related quality of life and support services in China: implications for healthcare and rehabilitation.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe, permanent functional changes and has become a global health priority due to its high incidence, cost, and disability rate. Current national epidemiological data on SCI in China are limited and outdated. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive, national cross-sectional investigation of SCI epidemiology in China.

Plasma lipidome, circulating inflammatory proteins, and Parkinson's disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have suggested that plasma lipidome play a pivotal role in the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unknown which lipids among plasma lipidome affect PD and how they exert their influence. Clarity is lacking regarding the causal relationship between plasma lipidome and PD, as well as whether circulating inflammatory proteins serve as mediators.