Nervonic acid triggered ovarian inflammation by inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress to activate NLRP3/ IL-1β pathway.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a serious public health concern across the globe. However, the typical metabolites and mechanisms underlying the decreased fertility related to metabolic syndrome is still elusive.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore the typical metabolites and mechanisms underlying the decreased fertility related with metabolic syndrome.

Screening and molecular dynamics simulation of ACE inhibitory tripeptides derived from milk fermented with QS306.

Peptides in milk fermented with QS306 before and after ultrahigh pressure treatment were identified using proteomics. Subsequently, 16 stable tripeptides were screened out based on activity score prediction, PeptideCutter analysis, and hydrophobicity calculations. Among them, WRP, WSR, and YRP showed the best angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and their semi-inhibitory concentrations were 46.

Ultrasound-assisted macroporous resin treatment improves the color and functional properties of sunflower meal protein.

Sunflower meal protein (SMP) has been considered as a high-quality source of plant protein. However, because the chlorogenic acid (CA) contained in sunflower seed meal was prone to oxidation reactions under traditional alkali extraction conditions, the extracted protein has a dark color and some poor functional properties. To this end, this study used ultrasound-assisted macroporous resin treatment to extract SMP.

Screening, Characterization, and Mechanistic Evaluation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Milk Fermented with QS306 with and without Ultrahigh-Pressure Treatment.

In this study, the peptides in milk fermented with QS306 with and without ultrahigh-pressure treatment were identified using UPLC-Q-exactive-HF-X-MS/MS. In total, 27 novel pentapeptides with potential angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity were screened via bioinformatic analysis, and the activities of seven novel pentapeptides were assessed. Among them, HLPLP, PYPQR, and VAPFP exhibited better IC values.

Optimization of lactic acid bacterial starter culture to improve the quality and flavor characteristics of traditional Hurood.

Hurood is a traditional fermented milk product prepared by traditional Mongolian techniques of fermenting raw milk, partial degreasing, heating, whey drainage, emulsification of curd, and molding. Currently, Hurood available in the market is generally prepared by small-scale enterprises at home or in open air. Therefore, lack of standardization of bacterial starter culture leads to variation in the flavor and sensory properties of Hurood from batch to batch.

Novel Insight into the Formation of Odour-Active Compounds in Sea Buckthorn Wine and Distilled Liquor Based on GC-MS and E-Nose Analysis.

Sea buckthorn wine (SW) and distilled liquor (DL) are fruit wines with beneficial health effects. However, their unpleasant flavour limits their development and widespread acceptance. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse their flavour composition and changes.

Effect of a co-fermentation system with high-GABA-yielding strains on soymilk properties: microbiological, physicochemical, and aromatic characterisations.

Biosynthesis is the safest method for preparing GABA; however, there are not enough GABA-producing strains to provide an effective resource. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of using Lactobacillus fermentum SMN10-3(A) and Lactococcus lactis SMN15-6(B) to study the effects of strain complex pairing on the GABA formation, flavour, and metabolic pathways of fermented soymilk. It was found that group A2B1 had the highest acid production rate, GABA yield (1.

Peptidomic analysis of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitory peptides in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 after ultrahigh pressure treatment.

In this study, we assessed the effect of ultrahigh pressure (UHP) treatment on the concentration of peptides and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306. The peptides were identified using peptidomic analysis, and 313 unique peptides were identified. These peptides were derived from 53 precursor proteins.

Variation and Correlation Analysis of Flavour and Bacterial Diversity of Low-Salt Hotpot Sauce during Storage.

Culinary circles have experienced a recent trend towards low-salt hotpot sauces. Here, changes in the physicochemical quality, flavour, and bacterial diversity of hotpot sauces with different salt concentrations were studied during storage. The results indicated that the peroxide and acid values of hotpot sauce increased gradually and that the quality began to deteriorate with storage.

Composition, processing, and quality control of whole flaxseed products used to fortify foods.

Whole flaxseed (flour) as a good source of omega-3 fatty acid and phytochemicals with excellent nutritional and functional attributes has been used to enrich foods for health promotion and disease prevention. However, several limitations and contemporary challenges still impact the development of whole flaxseed (flour)-enriched products on the global market, such as naturally occurring antinutritional factors and entrapment of nutrients within food matrix. Whole flaxseed (flour) with different existing forms could variably alter the techno-functional performance of food matrix, and ultimately affect the edible qualities of fortified food products.

The Combined Use of Medium- and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Improves the Pregnancy Outcomes of Sows by Enhancing Ovarian Steroidogenesis and Endometrial Receptivity.

Fatty acids play important roles in maintaining ovarian steroidogenesis and endometrial receptivity. Porcine primary ovarian granulosa cells (PGCs) and endometrial epithelial cells (PEECs) were treated with or without medium- and short-chain fatty acids (MSFAs) for 24 h. The mRNA abundance of genes was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.

DDIT3 regulates key enzymes in the methionine cycle and flux during embryonic development.

One-carbon metabolism is a key metabolic network that integrates nutritional signals with embryonic development. However, the response of one-carbon metabolism to methionine status and the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we found that methionine supplementation during pregnancy significantly increased fetal number and average fetal weight.

Exploration of suitable in vitro simulated digestion model for lipid oxidation of flaxseed oil emulsion during digestion.

Background: The INFOGEST model is a standardized general in vitro digestion study, but it cannot accurately simulate the fatty acid release process of lipids in the stomach and small intestine. In this study, the internationally universal INFOGEST 2019 was used as the basic model and flaxseed oil emulsion was used as the research object. In various improvement models, the effect of fatty acid release rate on the oxidation stability of flaxseed oil was assessed by adding rabbit stomach extract and changing the order of bile salts addition.

Effects of ultra-high pressure treatment on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical properties of milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306.

The present study investigated the influence of ultra-high pressure (UHP) treatment on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) activity and quality of milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii QS306 after storage. By varying treatment pressure, duration of pressure treatment, and duration of fermentation, optimal process parameters for the UHP treatment of milk fermented with QS306 to enhance ACEI activity were found to be 400 MPa, 10 min, and 48 h, respectively. The degree of ACE inhibition of the fermented milk was 91.

Novel insight into physicochemical and flavor formation in koumiss based on microbial metabolic network.

Koumiss, naturally fermented mare's milk, has a unique flavor that is affected by its resident microflora. In this study, we analyzed time-dependent changes in the microbiota and volatile metabolite profiles of koumiss using high-throughput sequencing and liquid-liquid extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dominant microrganisms in mare milk were Enterobacter and Rhodotorula, which were gradually suppressed, then Lactobacillus and Dekkera became the core microorganisms of koumiss.

Comparative metabolomics and microbial communities associated network analysis of black and white horse- sourced koumiss.

The quality and formation of bioactive components in fermented koumiss are based on the complex metabolism of the microbial community. In the present study, changes in the bioactive metabolites and microbial communities in black and white horse-sourced koumiss were evaluated during the fermentation process. 74 and 69 differential metabolites were formed when BLM and WHM were fermentated into koumiss.

Study of chondroitin sulfate E oligosaccharide as a promising complement C5 inhibitor for osteoarthritis alleviation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is highly prevalent worldwide. However, no therapy for blocking OA pathogenesis is available currently. In this study, chondroitin sulfate (CS) E oligosaccharides were prepared and we identified disaccharide as the functional unit showing the strongest anti-complement activity and screened out complement C5 as its target in the complement system.

Nutritional Status Impacts Epigenetic Regulation in Early Embryo Development: A Scoping Review.

With the increasing maternal age and the use of assisted reproductive technology in various countries worldwide, the influence of epigenetic modification on embryonic development is increasingly notable and prominent. Epigenetic modification disorders caused by various nutritional imbalance would cause embryonic development abnormalities and even have an indelible impact on health in adulthood. In this scoping review, we summarize the main epigenetic modifications in mammals and the synergies among different epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and histone methylation.

BMPR2 expression level is correlated with low immune infiltration and predicts metastasis and poor survival in osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults, and identifying biomarkers for prognosis and therapy is necessary. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) is involved in various cellular functions, including cell adhesion, proliferation and invasion, inflammation, apoptosis and metastatic spread. However, the correlation between BMPR2 expression levels and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in osteosarcoma is not well understood.

Bacterial community structure in acidic gruel from different regions and its influence on quality.

Acidic gruel is a popular and nutritious fermented cereal food in China. However, the relationship between microbial function and quality of traditionally-fermented acidic gruel has not been evaluated. In this study, the microbiome, sensory quality and nutritional components of 98 samples of naturally fermented acidic gruel collected from Guangxi, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing combined with various determination methods.

Determination of fungal diversity of acidic gruel by using culture-dependent and independent methods.

Traditional fermented cereals are a rich source of naturally derived, diverse microorganisms. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate thoroughly fungal microflora in Western Inner Mongolian acidic gruel. A total of 589,495 sequences were obtained from 16 acidic gruel samples.

Novel Similarity Methods Evaluation and Feasible Application for Pharmaceutical Raw Material Identification with Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Raw material identification (RMID) is necessary and important to fulfill the quality and safety requirements in the pharmaceutical industry. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, nondestructive, and commonly used analytical technique that could offer great advantages for RMID. In this study, two brand new similarity methods S1 and S2, which could reflect the similarity from the perspective of the inner product of the two vectors and the closeness with the cosine of the vectorial angle or correlation coefficient, were proposed.

One Carbon Metabolism and Mammalian Pregnancy Outcomes.

One-carbon metabolism is involved in varieties of physiological processes in mammals, including nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, epigenetic regulation, redox balance and neurodevelopment. The current evidence linking levels of one-carbon nutrients during pregnancy to the development of oocytes, embryos, and placentas, as well as maternal and offspring health, is reviewed. The sources of mammalian one-carbon units, the pathways active in mammalian one-carbon metabolism, the maternal and fetal needs for one-carbon units and their functions during pregnancy are described.

CBS and MAT2A improve methionine-mediated DNA synthesis through SAMTOR/mTORC1/S6K1/CAD pathway during embryo implantation.

Objectives: Early pregnancy loss is a major clinical concern in animal and human reproduction, which is largely influenced by embryo implantation. The importance of methionine for embryo implantation is widely neglected.

Materials And Methods: We performed a series of experiments with primiparous rats fed diets containing different levels of methionine during early pregnancy to investigate the role of methionine in embryonic implantation and pregnancy outcomes, and used them to perform in vivo metabolic assessments and in vitro uterine explant culture.

Purification and characterization of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides isolated from whey proteins of milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum QS670.

An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) peptide with a median inhibitory concentration (IC) of 1.26 mg/mL was purified from whey proteins resulting from a fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum QS670. The peptide was subsequently derived from an α-casein, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin, or serum albumin fraction.