Biomarkers.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was associated with an increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and progression to dementia. However, little is known about why this occurs. This study was to examine the correlation between the MetS indicators and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathological protein biomarkers to investigate this mechanism.

The Effect of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's Disease Fluid Biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the COAST.

Aims: To analyze the effect of APOE ε4 on fluid biomarkers and the correlations between blood molecules and CSF biomarkers in AD patients.

Methods: This study enrolled 575 AD patients, 131 patients with non-AD dementia, and 112 cognitively normal (CN) participants, and AD patients were divided into APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and blood-derived biomolecules were compared between AD and CN groups, between non-AD dementia and CN groups, as well as within APOE ε4 subgroups of AD patients.

An emerging aspect of cancer neuroscience: A literature review on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

The nervous system governs both ontogeny and oncology. Foundational discoveries have clarified the direct communication of neurotransmitters with tumors and indirect interactions through neural effects on the immune system and the tumor microenvironment. Meantime, the nervous system is susceptible to cancer and its treatment.

Progress and Gaps in Respiratory Disease Research and Treatment: Highlights of the IRM 2024 in Shanghai.

Respiratory diseases pose a major public health challenge globally, necessitating collaborative efforts between basic researchers and clinicians for effective solutions. China, which is heavily impacted by a broad spectrum of respiratory disorders, has made notable strides in both research and clinical management of these diseases. The International Respiratory Medicine (IRM) meeting was organized with the primary goal of facilitating the exchange of recent research developments and promoting collaboration between Chinese and American scientists in both basic and clinical research fields.

Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Indicator in Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to perform a comprehensive analysis to assess the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels in patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer.

Methods: We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, up until March 30, 2023, to identify relevant articles. The clinical outcomes evaluated in this study included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cause-specific survival (CSS).

Copper peroxide-loaded lignin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane foam for wound repair applications.

Wound healing is a complex process and the mechanism of the tissue repair process involves many complex steps: inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Wounds can be divided into two main categories: acute and chronic wounds. Non-healing wounds usually follow a bacterial infection.

Comparative Karyotype Analysis of Lycoris aurea Herb Populations Using Fluorochrome Banding and 45S and 5S rDNA-FISH.

To understand karyotype variation in eight populations, detailed karyotypes were meticulously established using chromosomal measurements, fluorescence bands, and rDNA FISH signals. The number of 45S rDNA sites varies from one to five pairs per population, with the most common number per karyotype being four pairs. The 45S rDNA locus is predominantly located in the short arms and terminal regions of chromosomes, while the 5S rDNA locus is found mainly in the short arm and the terminal or proximal regions.

Design and synthesis of novel benzoic acid derivatives as striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) inhibitors with neuroprotective properties.

As a central nervous system-specific member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, the striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is an attractive drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we reported the discovery of a series of benzoic acid derivatives as new STEP inhibitors. Among them, compound 14b exhibited good STEP inhibitory activity and displayed selectivity against other PTPs.

Multi-omics analysis reveals genetic architecture and local adaptation of coumarins metabolites in Populus.

Background: Accumulation of coumarins plays key roles in response to immune and abiotic stress in plants, but the genetic adaptation basis of controlling coumarins in perennial woody plants remain unclear.

Results: We detected 792 SNPs within 334 genes that were significantly associated with the phenotypic variations of 15 single-metabolic traits and multiple comprehensive index, such as principal components (PCs) of coumarins metabolites. Expression quantitative trait locus mapping uncovered that 337 eQTLs associated with the expression levels of 132 associated genes.

Itaconic Acid Oligomers for Electrostatically Spun Degradable Implantable Biobased Polyurethane.

Developing implantable medical materials with excellent comprehensive performance has important practical applications. Cardiovascular and bile ducts are characterized by various forms of diseases and high morbidity and mortality. One of the effective treatment modalities for such diseases is replacement surgery.

Omitting Radiotherapy after Breast-Conserving Surgery in Luminal A Breast Cancer: The LUMINA Study.

The modern generation of trials evaluating the role of adjuvant radiation have turned to genomic profiling as a further risk stratification tool. The LUMINA trial by Whelan et al, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, applied Ki67 testing to identify those with luminal A disease and evaluated locoregional outcomes with Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) and endocrine therapy (ET) alone. This paper was reviewed at the Canadian Association of General Surgeons' "Evidence-Based Reviews in Surgery" (EBRS) webinar series.

Binding of PtoRAP2.12 to demethylated and accessible chromatin regions in the PtoGntK promoter stimulates growth of poplar.

DNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification for gene regulation in plant growth and development. However, the precise mechanisms of DNA methylation remain poorly understood, especially in woody plants. We employed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), assays for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), and RNA-Seq to investigate epigenetic regulatory relationships in Populus tomentosa treated with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacitidine.

NRF3 suppresses the malignant progression of TNBC by promoting M1 polarization of macrophages via ROS/HMGB1 axis.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer. Due to its lack of targeted therapy options, TNBC remains a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we investigated the role of nuclear respiratory factor 3 (NRF3) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the progression of TNBC.

Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Molecular Responses of Alkaloid Content Variations in Lycoris aurea Across Different Locations.

Lycoris aurea, celebrated for its visually striking flowers and significant medicinal value due to the presence of alkaloids such as lycorine and galanthamine, has intricate yet poorly understood regulatory mechanisms. This study provides a detailed examination of the transcriptomic, metabolomic and ecological dynamics of L. aurea, aiming to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of alkaloid biosynthesis.

Progress of research in the application of ultrasound technology for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder defined by decreased reasoning abilities, memory loss, and cognitive deterioration. The presence of the blood-brain barrier presents a major obstacle to the development of effective drug therapies for Alzheimer's disease. The use of ultrasound as a novel physical modulation approach has garnered widespread attention in recent years.

A highly reactive soybean oil-based superhydrophobic polyurethane film with long-lasting antifouling and abrasion resistance.

Superhydrophobic polyurethanes offer robust hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance. However, it is essential to consider the durability and environmental constraints associated with these materials. This study prepared a bio-based superhydrophobic polyurethane coating film using epoxidized soybean oil, superhydrophobically modified silica nanoparticles, and OH-PDMS-OH as surface modifiers.

The Protective Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Activating the AMPK/JAK/STAT3/Arginase-1 Signaling Pathway.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, EAE group, and APS intervention group (n=15/group). The Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model was established by active immunization.

Migfilin promotes autophagic flux through direct interaction with SNAP29 and Vamp8.

Autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival by facilitating the elimination of detrimental cellular components and the recycling of nutrients. Understanding the molecular regulation of autophagy is critical for developing interventional approaches for cancer therapy. In this study, we report that migfilin, a focal adhesion protein, plays a novel role in promoting autophagy by increasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion.

Kinetic-thermodynamic correlation of conformational changes in ammonium complexes of a flexible naphthocage.

Conformational changes in non-covalent complexes are of fundamental importance to many chemical and biological processes. Yet, these low-energy structural changes are usually fast and difficult to monitor, which poses challenges in their detailed kinetic understanding. The correlation between kinetics and thermodynamics of the conformational change of a model supramolecular system featuring a flexible naphthocage and quaternary ammonium guests is described in this work.