Wavelet-based U-shape network for bioabsorbable vascular stents segmentation in IVOCT images.

Background And Objective: Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of mortality among individuals with cardiovascular conditions. The therapeutic use of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVSs) through stent implantation is common, yet the effectiveness of current BVS segmentation techniques from Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT) images is inadequate.

Methods: This paper introduces an enhanced segmentation approach using a novel Wavelet-based U-shape network to address these challenges.

CLINICAL APPLICATION STUDY OF 3D-ASL PERFUSION IMAGING AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIFFUSION IMAGING IN TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the clinical application of three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in transient ischemic attacks. Methods: Forty patients with transient cerebral ischemia in our hospital were selected and included from July 2020 to March 2022. All subjects were detected by DWI and 3D-ASL technology.

Development of a machine learning-based model to predict major adverse events after surgery for type A aortic dissection complicated by malnutrition.

Objective: This study aims to develop a predictive model for the risk of major adverse events (MAEs) in type A aortic dissection (AAAD) patients with malnutrition after surgery, utilizing machine learning (ML) algorithms.

Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data from AAAD patients with malnutrition who underwent surgical treatment at our center. Through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, we screened for preoperative and intraoperative characteristic variables.

Brain tumor segmentation based on the U-NET+⁣+ network with efficientnet encoder.

Background: Brain tumor is a highly destructive, aggressive, and fatal disease. The presence of brain tumors can disrupt the brain's ability to control body movements, consciousness, sensations, thoughts, speech, and memory. Brain tumors are often accompanied by symptoms like epilepsy, headaches, and sensory loss, leading to varying degrees of cognitive impairment in affected patients.

Exploring simple triplet representation learning.

Fully supervised learning methods necessitate a substantial volume of labelled training instances, a process that is typically both labour-intensive and costly. In the realm of medical image analysis, this issue is further amplified, as annotated medical images are considerably more scarce than their unlabelled counterparts. Consequently, leveraging unlabelled images to extract meaningful underlying knowledge presents a formidable challenge in medical image analysis.

Residual Block Based Nested U-Type Architecture for Multi-Modal Brain Tumor Image Segmentation.

Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation of brain tumors is a hot topic in brain tumor processing research in recent years, which can make full use of the feature information of different modalities in MRI images, so that tumors can be segmented more effectively. In this article, convolutional neural networks (CNN) is used as a tool to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of segmentation. Based on this, Dense-ResUNet, a multi-modal MRI image segmentation model for brain tumors is created.

Selective Cross-Subject Transfer Learning Based on Riemannian Tangent Space for Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface.

A motor imagery (MI) brain-computer interface (BCI) plays an important role in the neurological rehabilitation training for stroke patients. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based MI BCI has high temporal resolution, which is convenient for real-time BCI control. Therefore, we focus on EEG-based MI BCI in this paper.

IL-10 produces a dual effect on OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis of cultured cortical neurons via the NF-κB pathway.

As a classic immunoregulatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10) can provide in vivo and in vitro neuroprotection respectively during cerebral ischemia and after the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury. However, its role in cortical neuronal survival at different post-ischemic phases remains unclear. The current study found that IL-10 had distinct effects on the neuronal apoptosis at different OGD stages: at an early stage after OGD, IL-10 promoted the OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis in the cultured primary cortical neurons by activating p65 subunit, which up-regulated Bax expression and down-regulated Bcl-xL expression; at a late OGD stage, however, it attenuated the OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis by activating c-Rel, which up-regulated Bcl-xL expression and down-regulated Bax expression.

Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Cyanation of Remote C(sp)-H Bonds Enabled by 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer.

The direct functionalization of C(sp)-H bonds has led to the development of methods to access molecules or intermediates from basic chemicals in an atom- and step-economic fashion. Nevertheless, achieving high levels of chemo-, regio-, and enantioselectivity in these reactions remains challenging due to the ubiquity and low reactivity of C(sp)-H bonds. Herein, we report an unprecedented protocol for enantioselective cyanation of remote C(sp)-H bonds.

Cobalt-catalyzed difluoroalkylation of tertiary aryl ketones for facile synthesis of quaternary alkyl difluorides.

The selective incorporation of gem-difluoroalkyl groups into biologically active molecules has long been used as an efficient strategy for drug design and discovery. However, the catalytic C(sp)-CF bond-forming cross-coupling reaction for selective incorporation of difluoromethylene group into diverse alkyl chains, especially more sterically demanding secondary and tertiary functionalized alkanes, still remains as a major challenge. Herein, we describe a cobalt-catalyzed difluoroalkylation of tertiary aryl ketones for facile synthesis of quaternary alkyl difluorides, which exhibited high efficiency, broad scope and mild conditions.

Netrin-1 Promotes Synaptic Formation and Axonal Regeneration via JNK1/c-Jun Pathway after the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

As a secreted axon guidance molecule, Netrin-1 has been documented to be a neuroprotective factor, which can reduce infarct volume, promote angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis after stroke in rodents. However, its role in axonal regeneration and synaptic formation after cerebral ischemic injury, and the related underlying mechanisms remain blurred. In this study, we used Adeno-associated vectors carrying Netrin-1 gene (AAV-NT-1) to up-regulate the expression level of Netrin-1 in rats' brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Netrin-1 Prevents Rat Primary Cortical Neurons from Apoptosis via the DCC/ERK Pathway.

In the nervous system, Netrin-1 serves as a neural guide, mediating the neuronal development. However, it remains blurred whether Netrin-1 can protect neurons from apoptosis induced by cerebral stroke. In the current study, the cultured rat primary cortical neurons were transfected with Netrin-1-encoding lentivirus before the oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) treatment.

Nickel-Catalyzed Heck-Type Monofluoroacetation of Styrenes for Facile Synthesis of Allylic Fluorides.

An efficient nickel-catalyzed Heck-type reaction between styrenes and fluoroalkyl iodine has been developed. This novel transformation has demonstrated a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and excellent E-stereoselectivity. This efficient synthetic method has been applied to the late-stage monofluoroacetation of biologically active molecules.

Nickel-Catalyzed Monofluoroalkylation of Arylsilanes via Hiyama Cross-Coupling.

The first example of nickel-catalyzed monofluoroalkylation of arylsilanes has been developed with readily available fluoroalkyl halides. This novel transformation has demonstrated high reactivity, broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. The selective activation of a relatively inert C-Si bond for slow release of aryl carbanion is the key reason for reducing the amount of arylmetal species, which makes this method more promising for fluorine-containing modification of complex bioactive molecules.

Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Atom Transfer Radical Addition of Iododifluoroacetate to Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids.

The first example of copper-catalyzed decarboxylative atom transfer radical addition of alkynyl carboxylic acids has been developed with a readily available fluoroalkyl halide. This novel protocol has demonstrated a unique difunctionalization of nonterminal alkynes with a broad substrate scope and excellent functional-group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the catalytic cycle was initiated by the attack of a difluoroalkyl radical to an in situ generated alkynylcopper species.

Sporolactobacillus pectinivorans sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from spoiled jelly.

A Gram-positive-staining, endospore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, lactic-acid-producing bacterium, strain GD201205T, was isolated from spoiled jelly in China. Strain GD201205T fermented glucose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, raffinose and turanose, but negative for nitrate reduction, catalase and oxidase. The predominant fatty acids of the strain were anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0.

Enteroviruses in X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Update on Epidemiology and Therapy.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) has been associated with a broad range of infections, but enteroviral disease represents one of the most damaging infections. The risk of enteroviral infection in XLA is lower now than in the setting of intramuscular immunoglobulin or in patients without immunoglobulin replacement, but the rate of infection has not declined significantly in the era of intravenous immunoglobulin replacement. Enteroviruses can cause inflammation of nearly every organ, but in XLA, infections often manifest as dermatomyositis or chronic meningoencephalitis.

Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Difluoroalkylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.

The first example of nickel-catalyzed decarboxylative fluoroalkylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids has been developed with commonly available fluoroalkyl halides. This novel transformation has demonstrated broad substrate scope, excellent functional-group tolerance, mild reaction conditions, and excellent stereoselectivity. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a fluoroalkyl radical is involved in the catalytic cycle.

Pd-Catalyzed C(sp(3))-H Carbonylation of Alkylamines: A Powerful Route to γ-Lactams and γ-Amino Acids.

A novel Pd-catalyzed direct C(sp(3))-H carbonylation of alkylamines for the synthesis of γ-lactams and γ-amino acids has been developed, in which TEMPO was used as the crucial sole oxidant. The synthetic prospect was demonstrated by the concise total synthesis of rac-Pregbalin.

Nickel-catalyzed monofluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids.

Aryl boronic acids can be monofluoromethylated under nickel catalysis. The utility of this method is demonstrated by the monofluoromethylation of a borylated and acyl-protected derivative of the statin drug ezetimibe. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a fluoromethyl radical is involved in the Ni(I)/Ni(III) catalytic cycle.

Pd(II)-catalyzed, controllable C-H mono-/diarylation of aryl tetrazoles: concise synthesis of Losartan.

A palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H arylation directed by tetrazole, a metabolically stable surrogate for the carboxylic acid group in drug design, has been developed. Excellent mono-/di-selectivity was achieved through adjustment of the protecting site on the tetrazole ring. The synthetic utility of this new transformation was demonstrated in the concise total synthesis of Losartan.

Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H arylation of aryl and benzyl Weinreb amides.

The first example of palladium-catalyzed ortho-C-H arylation of aryl and benzyl Weinreb amides was developed, in which HOTf was used as a key promoter. This method exhibits good functional group tolerance, a broad substrate scope of both Weinreb amides and aryl iodides, high mono-selectivity and mild reaction conditions.