Associations between term cesarean delivery in the first pregnancy and second-pregnancy preterm delivery.

Introduction: Cesarean delivery has been shown to increase the risk of preterm delivery in future pregnancies. The association could be a direct result of the procedure, or because the indications that led to the cesarean delivery also increase the risk of preterm delivery in later pregnancies.

Material And Methods: 298 901 mothers with first and second singleton deliveries from 1999 to 2020 were investigated using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway linked with Statistics Norway.

Gene-environment interactions within a precision environmental health framework.

Understanding the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease etiology and the role of gene-environment interactions (GEIs) across human development stages is important. We review the state of GEI research, including challenges in measuring environmental factors and advantages of GEI analysis in understanding disease mechanisms. We discuss the evolution of GEI studies from candidate gene-environment studies to genome-wide interaction studies (GWISs) and the role of multi-omics in mediating GEI effects.

Associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with uterine leiomyomata incidence and growth: a prospective ultrasound study.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals used in commercial and consumer products.

Objective: We evaluated PFAS exposure in relation to incidence and growth of uterine leiomyomata (UL), hormone-dependent neoplasms that are associated with severe gynecologic morbidity.

Methods: We studied 1158 participants in the Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids, a Detroit-based prospective cohort study of Black females aged 23-35 years at enrollment (2010-2012).

Combined oral contraceptive utilization and uterine fibroid incidence: A prospective study in a cohort of African-American women.

Published associations between combined oral contraceptive use and uterine fibroid development have lacked prospective imaging with ultrasound to distinguish between incident and prevalent fibroids. The Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids prospectively followed fibroid-free, African-American women (the group with the highest disease burden in the U.S.

Predicting nutrition and environmental factors associated with female reproductive disorders using a knowledge graph and random forests.

Objective: Female reproductive disorders (FRDs) are common health conditions that may present with significant symptoms. Diet and environment are potential areas for FRD interventions. We utilized a knowledge graph (KG) method to predict factors associated with common FRDs (for example, endometriosis, ovarian cyst, and uterine fibroids).

Family History and Uterine Fibroid Development in Black and African American Women.

Importance: Uterine fibroids are an understudied condition, with earlier onset in Black than White women. Prior studies of the importance of family history on fibroid development are limited by reliance on hospital-based participant selection, poorly defined measures of family history, and nonsystematic fibroid assessment.

Objective: To examine whether family history is a risk factor for fibroid development using prospective ultrasonography data to identify incident fibroids and measure fibroid growth and standardized methods to ascertain family history.

Body Mass Index and Uterine Fibroid Development: A Prospective Study.

Objective: Fibroids are hormonally dependent uterine tumors. The literature on adiposity and fibroid prevalence is inconsistent. Previous work usually combined all those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 into a single category and relied on clinically diagnosed fibroids, which misclassifies the many women with undiagnosed fibroids.

Broadening the Environmental Lens to Include Social and Structural Determinants of Women's Health Disparities.

Background: Due to the physical, metabolic, and hormonal changes before, during, and after pregnancy, women-defined here as people assigned female at birth-are particularly susceptible to environmental insults. Racism, a driving force of social determinants of health, exacerbates this susceptibility by affecting exposure to both chemical and nonchemical stressors to create women's health disparities.

Objectives: To better understand and address social and structural determinants of women's health disparities, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) hosted a workshop focused on the environmental impacts on women's health disparities and reproductive health in April 2022.

Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and antimüllerian hormone levels in a cohort of African-American women.

Objective: To examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and ovarian reserve as measured using antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Detroit, Michigan area.

Associations of reproductive and breastfeeding history with anti-Müllerian hormone concentration among African-American women of reproductive age.

Research Question: Are gravidity, parity and breastfeeding history associated with anti-Müllerian hormone concentration among African-American women of reproductive age?

Design: This study included baseline data from the Study of the Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids, a 5-year longitudinal study of African-American women. Within this community cohort, data from 1392 women aged 25-35 years were analysed. The primary outcome was serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration measured using the Ansh Labs picoAMH assay, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Birthweight of the subsequent singleton pregnancy following a first twin or singleton pregnancy.

Introduction: Birthweight is an important pregnancy indicator strongly associated with infant, child, and later adult life health. Previous studies have found that second-born babies are, on average, heavier than first-born babies, indicating an independent effect of parity on birthweight. Existing data are mostly based on singleton pregnancies and do not consider higher order pregnancies.

Association of genital talc and douche use in early adolescence or adulthood with uterine fibroids diagnoses.

Background: Genital talc and douching are practices that can involve exposure to chemical compounds linked to certain gynecologic cancers. However, it is unclear if they are associated with fibroid risk or age at fibroid diagnosis among women.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of early-adolescence genital talc use and douching on prevalence of fibroids diagnosed before the age of 35 and 50 years among Black/African American and non-Hispanic White women.

A prospective ultrasound study of cigarette smoking and uterine leiomyomata incidence and growth.

Background: Uterine leiomyomata (fibroids) are common, benign neoplasms that contribute substantially to gynecologic morbidity. Some existing epidemiologic studies indicate that cigarette smoking is associated with lower uterine leiomyomata risk. However, no prospective studies have systematically screened an entire study population for uterine leiomyomata using transvaginal ultrasound or evaluated the association between cigarette smoking and uterine leiomyomata growth.

Keloids, hypertrophic scars, and uterine fibroid development: a prospective ultrasound study of Black and African American women.

Objective: To examine the association between keloids, hypertrophic scars, and uterine fibroid incidence as well as growth. Both keloids and fibroids are fibroproliferative conditions that have been reported to be more prevalent among Blacks than Whites, and they share similar fibrotic tissue structures, including extracellular matrix composition, gene expression, and protein profiles. We hypothesized that women with a history of keloids would have greater uterine fibroid development.

Soy-Based Infant Formula Feeding and Uterine Fibroid Development in a Prospective Ultrasound Study of Black/African-American Women.

Background: Uterine fibroids are highly prevalent, benign tumors. They are the leading indication for hysterectomy, and Black women are disproportionally burdened. Soy-based infant formula contains phytoestrogens, and exposure during sensitive developmental windows may adversely affect the developing uterus; early phytoestrogen treatment in rodent studies led to detrimental uterine effects, including increased fibroid risk in Eker rats.

Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes and multiple gestation with natural menopause: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and early menopause are each associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); whether APOs are associated with age at menopause is unclear. We examined the association of gestational diabetes (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), preterm birth, and multiple gestation with age at natural menopause.

Study Design: Observational, prospective study within the Nurses' Health Study II cohort (1989-2019).

Long-term cardiovascular mortality in women with twin pregnancies by lifetime reproductive history.

Background: Women with one lifetime singleton pregnancy have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with women who continue reproduction particularly if the pregnancy had complications. Women with twins have higher risk of pregnancy complications, but CVD mortality risk in women with twin pregnancies has not been fully described.

Objectives: We estimated risk of long-term CVD mortality in women with naturally conceived twins compared to women with singleton pregnancies, accounting for lifetime number of pregnancies and pregnancy complications.

Vitamin D and uterine fibroid growth, incidence, and loss: a prospective ultrasound study.

Objective: Fibroid treatments that have few side-effects and can preserve fertility are a clinical priority. We studied the association between serum vitamin D and uterine fibroid growth, incidence, and loss.

Design: A prospective community cohort study (enrollment 2010-2012) with 4 study visits over 5 years to conduct standardized ultrasounds, measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and update covariates.