Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Hypoxia-Induced Neural Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in brain aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. New therapeutic agents are necessary to cross the blood-brain barrier and target disease pathogenesis without causing disagreeable side effects. Resveratrol (RSV) may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving the cognitive and metabolic aspects that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

The Role of Curcumin in Prostate Cancer Cells and Derived Spheroids.

A major challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) is to inhibit tumor growth and prevent metastatic spreading. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to discover new compounds useful for PC therapy, and promising advances in this field were reached. Drugs currently used in PC therapy frequently induce resistance and PC progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), making it virtually incurable.

H9c2 Cardiomyocytes under Hypoxic Stress: Biological Effects Mediated by Sentinel Downstream Targets.

The association between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases is well known. Related diabetes macro- and microangiopathies frequently induce hypoxia and consequently energy failure to satisfy the jeopardized myocardium basal needs. Additionally, it is widely accepted that diabetes impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, resulting in diminished nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and consequent endothelial cell dysfunction.

Another Look at Dietary Polyphenols: Challenges in Cancer Prevention and Treatment.

Cancer is a pathology that impacts in a profound manner all over the world. The election strategy against cancer often uses chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which, more often than not, can present many side effects and are not always considered reliable efficacy. By contrast, it is widely known that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables has a protective effect against cancer insurgence and development.

Antioxidant Effect of Beer Polyphenols and Their Bioavailability in Dental-Derived Stem Cells (D-dSCs) and Human Intestinal Epithelial Lines (Caco-2) Cells.

Beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in the world, rich in chemical compounds of natural origin with high nutritional and biological value. It is made up of water, barley malt, hops, and yeast. The main nutrients are carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and other compounds such as polyphenols which are responsible for the many health benefits associated with this consumption of drinks.

The Crosstalk between Prostate Cancer and Microbiota Inflammation: Nutraceutical Products Are Useful to Balance This Interplay?

The human microbiota shows pivotal roles in urologic health and disease. Emerging studies indicate that gut and urinary microbiomes can impact several urological diseases, both benignant and malignant, acting particularly on prostate inflammation and prostate cancer. Indeed, the microbiota exerts its influence on prostate cancer initiation and/or progression mechanisms through the regulation of chronic inflammation, apoptotic processes, cytokines, and hormonal production in response to different pathogenic noxae.

Rebalancing the Oral Microbiota as an Efficient Tool in Endocrine, Metabolic and Immune Disorders.

The current treatment and prevention procedures of oral disorders follow a very targeted approach considering mouth and its structures as a system that is completely independent, than the rest of the body. The main therapeutic approach is to keep the levels of oral bacteria and hygiene in an acceptable range compatible with oral-mouth health, completely separated from systemic microbial homeostasis (eubiosis vs dysbiosis). This can negatively impact the diagnosis of a more complex systemic disease and its progression.

Oral Microbiota and Immune System Crosstalk: A Translational Research.

Background: Oral pathogens may exert the ability to trigger differently the activation of local macrophage immune responses, for instance and induce predominantly pro-inflammatory (M1-like phenotypes) responses, while oral commensal microbiota primarily elicits macrophage functions consistent with the anti-inflammatory (M2-like phenotypes).

Methods: In healthy individuals vs. periodontal disease patients' blood samples, the differentiation process from monocyte to M1 and M2 was conducted using two typical growth factors, the granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF).

Steroids and growth factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma: useful source of dental-derived stem cells to develop a steroidogenic model in new clinical strategies.

Objective: Head and neck region is involved in a high percentage of malignant lesions, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is undoubtedly the most frequently found, accounting for over 90% of malignant tumors. Hormone receptor overexpression, like Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and signaling have been related to the pathogenesis of OSCC. For metastasis of OSCC, Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) under the influence of growth factors, cytokines, and regulation of cadherins from the tumor's microenvironment.

The Role of Oxidative Stress and Hormones in Controlling Obesity.

The accumulation of adipose tissue in the body occurs because the energy introduced with food and drink exceeds that expense, but to understand why this imbalance is established and why it is maintained over time, it is important to consider the main causes and risk factors of excess weight. In this review, we will refer to the main factors linked to obesity, starting from oxidative stress to hormonal factors including the role of obesity in breast cancer. Among the many hypotheses formulated on the etiopathology of obesity, a key role can be attributed to the relationship between stress oxidative and intestinal microbiota.

Long Non-coding RNAs as Important Biomarkers in Laryngeal Cancer and Other Head and Neck Tumours.

Head and neck carcinoma (HNC) is a heterogeneous disease encompassing a variety of tumors according to the origin. Laryngeal cancer (LC) represents one of the most frequent tumors in the head and neck region. Despite clinical studies and advance in treatment, satisfactory curative strategy has not yet been reached.

Proteomics analysis of human serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer reveals proteins as diagnostic biomarker candidates.

Non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and it has a poor prognosis, because overall survival after 5 years is 20-25% for all stages. Thus, it is extremely important to increase the survival rate in the early stages NSCLC by focusing on novel screening tests of cancer identifying specific biomarkers expression associated with a more accurate tumor staging and patient prognosis. In this study, we focused our attention on quantitative proteomics of three heavily glycosylated serum proteins: AMBP, α2 macroglobulin, and SERPINA1.

Ipilimumab for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors is beginning to be recognized as a valid weapon for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) when chemotherapy fails. Ipilimumab (ipi) is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of CTLA4. It also has a molecular weight of 148 kDa and is water-soluble at physiological pH.

Epigenetic Changes Induced by Green Tea Catechins a re Associated with Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is one of the most difficult cancers to treat especially when it becomes hormone resistant such as castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and subsequent metastatic CRPC. Apart from the genetic alterations in prostate cancer, epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the development and neoplastic progression of this disease. These include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding microRNAs.

Micrornas in prostate cancer: an overview.

Prostate cancer is the second highest cause of cancer mortality after lung tumours. In USA it affects about 2.8 million men and the incidence increases with age in many countries.

The strange connection between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and dapsone: from rash mitigation to the increase in anti-tumor activity.

The presence of an aberrantly activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in many epithelial tumors, due to its overexpression, activating mutations, gene amplification and/or overexpression of receptor ligands, represent the fundamental basis underlying the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Drugs inhibiting the EGFR have different mechanisms of action; while erlotinib and gefitinib inhibit the intracellular tyrosine kinase, monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab and panitumumab bind the extracellular domain of the EGFR both activating immunomediated anti-cancer effect and inhibiting receptor function. On the other hand, interleukin-8 has tumor promoting as well as neo-angiogenesis enhancing effects and several attempts have been made to inhibit its activity.

Gene interference strategies as a new tool for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancer in men. It affects older men and the incidence increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 67 years. The diagnosis of PCa is essentially based on three tools: digital rectal exam, serum concentration of prostate specific antigen, and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy.

Definition of novel electrochemotherapy parameters and validation of their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness.

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a cancer therapy that conjugates the administration of a chemotherapy agent to the delivery of permeabilizing pulses released singularly or as bursts. This approach results in higher number of anticancer molecules delivered to their biological targets, but is also associated to undesirable side effects such as pain and muscular contractions. A new electroporator delivering train of eight biphasic pulses at the voltage of 1,300 V/cm lasting 50 + 50 µsec each, with a frequency of 1 Hz, and with 10-µsec interpulse intervals (total treatment time: 870 µsec/cm(2) of treated area) was tested in vitro on the human lung cancer cell line A549 and in vivo, both in mice xenografts and privately owned rabbits with spontaneous tumors.

Functional and pharmacodynamic evaluation of metronomic cyclophosphamide and docetaxel regimen in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the association of docetaxel and metronomic cyclophosphamide (CYC) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Materials & Methods: CRPC xenografts were established with PC3 cells. Mice were treated with a combination of CYC (50 mg/kg/day) and docetaxel (10-30 mg/kg/week) or with docetaxel alone.

Electroporation as a strategy to promote HtrA1 gene uptake and chemotherapy efficacy in a mouse model of mesothelioma.

There is not a consensus on the best therapeutic approach to mesothelioma and the prognosis is still dismal. We have recently demonstrated that HtrA1 is a potential therapeutic target in mesothelioma cells. In this manuscript we describe that electroporation in a mouse mesothelioma xenograft was able to facilitate the expression of exogenous HtrA1 injected intra-lesionally in the tumors and to increase the penetration in the neoplastic cells of cisplatin given intra-peritoneally.

Peritoneal dialysis fluid activates calcium signaling and apoptosis in mesothelial cells.

A larger diffusion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is limited by the progressive deterioration of the dialysis membrane structure and function, characterized in vitro and in vivo by mesothelial cell loss and closely related to the use of bioincompatible dialysis solutions. The apoptosis rate of rat and human mesothelial cells incubated in commercial PD fluid (PDF, 4.25 g/dL dextrose) became significant as early as 1 h after PDF addition and reached a plateau at 4-5 h.

Effect of Annurca apple polyphenols on human HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation.

Polyphenols have been demonstrated to have clear antioxidant activities in vitro. However, in complex biological systems, they exhibit additional properties, which are yet poorly understood. The apple is among the most consumed fruits worldwide, and several studies suggest that apple polyphenols could play a role in the prevention of degenerative diseases.

Epirubicin permeation of personal protective equipment can induce apoptosis in keratinocytes.

The present study investigated the epirubicin (EPI) permeability of various commercially available glove types, as well as toxicity mechanisms and effects on human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Permeability experiments were carried out on various commercially available gloves, differing as regards material and thickness. Permeability was evaluated after different "contact times" and the influence of EPI solution's pH (acid and neutral) on permeability was also examined.