Seven core competencies and conditions for equitable partnerships and power sharing in community-based participatory research.

Equitable health research requires actively engaging communities in producing new knowledge to advocate for their health needs. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) relies on the coproduction of contextual and grounded knowledge between researchers, programme implementers and community partners with the aim of catalysing action for change. Improving coproduction competencies can support research quality and validity.

Getting it Right from the Start (GIRFTS): protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of a school-based framework to improve children's oral language and reading outcomes.

Introduction: Strong oral language and reading skills are important for child development. The response to intervention (RTI) framework supports schools to apply evidence-based practices and interventions to proactively meet the learning needs of all students and identify and support students at risk of learning difficulties. Getting it Right from the Start (GIRFTS) aims to implement a codesigned RTI framework in the first 2 years of formal schooling (foundation and grade 1) to improve oral language and reading skills.

The association of frailty on cardiac rehabilitation goal achievement.

Introduction: Frailty is common among patients entering cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Frailty is associated with poor health outcomes; however, it is unclear if frailty influences achieving goals in CR.

Methods: We report a secondary analysis of participants who were referred to an exercise and education-based CR program from 2005 to 2015.

Cardiac rehabilitation and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Frailty among cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants is associated with worse health outcomes. However, no literature synthesis has quantified the relationship between frailty and CR outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine frailty prevalence at CR admission, frailty changes during CR, and whether frailty is associated with adverse outcomes following CR.

School Readiness Predictors of Early Academic Achievement in Children Born Very Preterm.

Objective: This study examined associations of school readiness measures obtained before school entry with academic achievement at early school age in children born very preterm (VPT, gestational age ≤ 30 weeks) and children born full term (FT, GA ≥ 37 weeks).

Method: The sample included 38 children born VPT and 30 born FT recruited at age 4 years and followed to early school age. Measures of readiness included tests of global cognition, executive function, motor abilities, and preacademic skills, as well as caregiver behavior ratings.

School Readiness in Preschool-Age Children with Critical Congenital Heart Disease.

This study examined the nature, variability, and predictors of school readiness difficulties in young children with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). We hypothesized that, compared to a community control (CC) group, children with CCHD would score less well on measures of readiness and that readiness would be associated with CCHD-related risk factors. Children (60 CCHD and 60 CC) were 4 to 5 years of age and not yet attending kindergarten.

Out-of-pocket costs for diabetes medications in employer-sponsored health insurance plans.

Out-of-pocket costs of diabetes medications other than insulin can be quite high for individuals with employer-sponsored health insurance.

Hypoxic transcriptomes predict survival and tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition in cutaneous melanoma.

Hypoxia has established associations with aggressive tumor phenotypes in many cancers. However, it is not currently understood whether tumor hypoxia levels map to distinct immune infiltrates in cutaneous melanoma, potentially unveiling novel therapeutic targets. To this end, we leveraged a previously identified seven-gene hypoxia signature to grade hypoxia levels of 460 cutaneous melanomas obtained from the Broad Institute GDAC Firehose portal.

The attitudes of dental therapists, dental therapy educators and dental therapy students in the South of England towards domiciliary dentistry: a qualitative study.

Introduction Dental therapists (DTs) are members of the dental team with a wide scope of practice, who support the provision of dental care to patient groups including those with vulnerabilities. One such group are older patients who are often unable to attend general dental practices to access their dental care. A domiciliary or 'home visit' may be required to deliver this care in a non-clinical setting.

Educational Outcomes for Children at 7 to 9 Years of Age After Birth at 39 vs 40 to 42 Weeks' Gestation.

Importance: Birth at 39 weeks' gestation is common and thought to be safe for mother and neonate. However, findings of long-term outcomes for children born at this gestational age have been conflicting.

Objective: To evaluate the association of birth at 39 weeks' gestation with childhood numeracy and literacy scores at ages 7 to 9 years compared with birth at 40 to 42 weeks' gestation.

An investigation of psychoactive polypharmacy and related gender-differences in older adults with dementia: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Older adults living with dementia may express challenging responsive behaviours. One management strategy is pharmacologic treatment though these options often have limited benefit, which may lead to multiple treatments being prescribed.

Methods: The aim of the present study was to describe psychoactive medication polypharmacy and explore factors associated with psychoactive polypharmacy in a cohort of older adults living with dementia in Nova Scotia, Canada, including a gender-stratified analysis.

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic and glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Implications for neuroretinal rim remodeling with disease severity.

Purpose: Post-acute non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) can be difficult to differentiate clinically. Our objective was to identify optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters to help differentiate these optic neuropathies.

Methods: We compared 12 eyes of 8 patients with NAION and 12 eyes of 12 patients with GON, matched for age and visual field mean deviation (MD).

The presence of intratumoral Porphyromonas gingivalis correlates with a previously defined pancreatic adenocarcinoma, immune cell expression phenotype and with tumor resident, adaptive immune receptor features.

The association between pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) and the pancreatic microbiome is not fully understood, although bacteria may decrease the effectiveness of chemotherapy and lead to anti-apoptotic, pro-inflammatory microenvironments. To better understand the relationship between the PAAD microbiome and the microenvironment, we identified Porphyromonas gingivalis-positive PAAD samples and found a strong association between intratumoral P. gingivalis and: (i) an immune cell gene expression phenotype previously defined by others as gene program 7; and (ii) recovery of immunoglobulin recombination, sequencing reads.

Longitudinal Associations Between COVID-19 Stress and the Mental Health of Children With ADHD.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal associations between COVID-19 induced stress (related to COVID-19 restrictions/changes), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, oppositional symptoms, and mental health outcomes (negative affect, anxiety, depression, and irritability) in children with ADHD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Method: Parents of 140 Australian children with ADHD (aged 5-17 years) completed an online survey in May 2020 during stay-at-home restrictions and 12-months later.

Results: Baseline COVID-19 stress was associated with increased total ADHD symptom severity (β = .

Equity analysis audit of access and utilisation of Special Care Dental Services by ethnicity and social demographic markers.

Objective: To identify and investigate any differences in utilisation of the, Sussex Community NHSFT, Special Care Dental Service (SCDS) across multiple demographic factors, including ethnicity, socio-economic groups and age in the Crawley area.

Method: Data were audited for all new patients seen at the Crawley Special Care Dental Centre from November 2020-October 2021. Demographic data were compared to population data from the 2011 Census.

Associations of Changes in Sleep and Emotional and Behavioral Problems From Late Childhood to Early Adolescence.

Importance: Sleep problems and psychopathology symptoms are highly comorbid and bidirectionally correlated across childhood and adolescence. Whether these associations are specific to discrete profiles of sleep problems and specific internalizing and externalizing phenomena is currently unclear.

Objective: To characterize individual changes in profiles of sleep problems and their prospective associations with psychopathology symptoms across the transition from childhood to adolescence.

Association of admission frailty and frailty changes during cardiac rehabilitation with 5-year outcomes.

Aims: Examine the association between (1) admission frailty and (2) frailty changes during cardiac rehabilitation (CR) with 5-year outcomes (i.e. time to mortality, first hospitalization, first emergency department (ED) visit, and number of hospitalizations, hospital days, and ED visits).

Asymmetry of Peripapillary Retinal Blood Vessel and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Between Healthy Right and Left Eyes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there is asymmetry in retinal blood vessel (RBV) position and thickness between right and left eyes (R-L) and evaluate whether R-L asymmetry in RBV thickness is related to R-L asymmetry of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT).

Methods: We analyzed peripapillary circle scan optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations from healthy White subjects to measure RNFLT and RBV thickness and position relative to the fovea to Bruch's membrane opening axis, for all visible RBV. The R-L asymmetries of RNFLT and RBV thickness were computed for each A-scan.

School-age outcomes among IVF-conceived children: A population-wide cohort study.

Background: In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a common mode of conception. Understanding the long-term implications for these children is important. The aim of this study was to determine the causal effect of IVF conception on primary school-age childhood developmental and educational outcomes, compared with outcomes following spontaneous conception.