Major Histocompatibility Complex-B haplotype and ovarian graft response.

Gonadal tissue transfer is considered one of the best methods to preserve genetic variability. Poultry hosts can receive a gonad from a donor of a different genetic background, sustain the growth of this graft, and produce gametes from it. Unfortunately, the host's strong immune response may significantly reduce the gonadal graft's ability to reach maturity.

Deficiency of leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) alleviates asthmatic inflammation in a mouse model.

Background: Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. The mechanisms of asthma are still not fully understood. Leukocyte-specific protein-1 (LSP-1) regulates neutrophil migration during acute lung inflammation.

Association of research timing with surgery resident perceptions of operative autonomy and satisfaction: A multi-institutional study.

Background: General surgery residents commonly engage in research years after the second (Post-postgraduate year 2 [PostPGY2]) or third (PostPGY3) clinical training year. The impact of dedicated research training timing on training experience is unknown. Our aim was to examine the progression of residents' perceived meaningful operative autonomy and evaluate career satisfaction, in relation to research timing.

Persistence of Gender Bias Over Four Decades of Surgical Training.

Objective: Female surgeons face gender-specific obstacles during residency training, yet longitudinal data on gender bias experienced by female surgery residents are lacking. We aimed to investigate the evolution of gender bias, identify obstacles experienced by female general surgery residents, and discuss approaches to supporting female surgeons during residency training.

Methods: Between August 2019 and January 2021, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using structured telephone interviews of female graduates of the UCLA General Surgery Residency training program.

Standardized Multi-Institutional Mock Oral Examination: A Feasible and Valuable Educational Experience for General Surgery Residents.

Introduction: Mock oral examinations (MOE) are used to prepare residents and assess their readiness for the American Board of Surgery Certifying Exam (ABSCE). Delivery of MOEs varies by institution and previous studies have demonstrated significant implementation barriers such as availability of faculty examiners and exam scenarios.

Objective: To assess the value and participant satisfaction of a standardized multi-institutional MOE for general surgery residents.

Mixed-Method Evaluation of a Cadaver Dissection Course for General Surgery Interns: An Innovative Approach for Filling the Gap Between Gross Anatomy and the Operating Room.

Objective: To evaluate an innovative whole cadaver dissection curriculum designed to focus on teaching procedure-relevant anatomy and surgical skills to surgery interns.

Design: A mixed methods explanatory sequential design incorporating both quantitative and qualitative evaluations was used to evaluate the cadaver dissection course. Quantitative data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed in order to compare anatomy knowledge and operative skills before and after the course.

Use of Entrustable Professional Activities in the Assessment of Surgical Resident Competency.

Importance: Competency-based assessments of surgical resident performance require metrics of entrustable autonomy.

Objectives: To designate entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in global performance and in specific operations, and to identify differences in perceived capability, autonomy, and expectations between surgical faculty and residents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This survey study was conducted from August 9, 2016, through August 24, 2016, in the Department of Surgery at the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine.

The Perfect Storm Is on the Horizon!

Purpose: Provide analysis of data identifying the impending mass turnover of Directors and Coordinators of General Surgery residency programs and the potential effect on successful continuing accreditation including the ACGME Next Accreditation System (NAS) and associated self study.

Methods: The Association of Residency Coordinators in Surgery, Executive Committee (ARCS EC) anonymously surveyed 254 general surgery Program Coordinators in September/October 2016. This represents 60`% of all the members within the Association of Residency Coordinators in Surgery.

Comparative Analysis of Simulated versus Live Patient-Based FAST (Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma) Training.

Objective: To investigate whether simulated patient (SP)-based training has comparable efficacy as live patient (LP)-based training in teaching Focused Abdominal Sonography for Trauma (FAST) knowledge and skill competencies to surgical residents.

Design: A randomized pretest/intervention/posttest controlled study design was employed to compare the participants' performance in written and practical examinations regarding FAST examination after SP-based versus LP-based training.

Setting: University-based general residency program at a single institution.

Assessment of resident operative performance using a real-time mobile Web system: preparing for the milestone age.

Objective: To satisfy trainees' operative competency requirements while improving feedback validity and timeliness using a mobile Web-based platform.

Design: The Southern Illinois University Operative Performance Rating Scale (OPRS) was embedded into a website formatted for mobile devices. From March 2013 to February 2014, faculty members were instructed to complete the OPRS form while providing verbal feedback to the operating resident at the conclusion of each procedure.

The effect of a dedicated endocrine surgery program on general surgery training: a single institutional experience.

Background: The endocrine surgery program was established at the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2006 to enhance the educational experience of surgical residents in this area. The impact of this program on subjective and objective measures of resident education was prospectively tracked.

Methods: Resident case logs, American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination scores, self-assessment surveys, and annual rotation evaluations from July 2005 to June 2009 were reviewed.

The electronic residency application service application can predict accreditation council for graduate medical education competency-based surgical resident performance.

Objective: Program directors often struggle to determine which factors in the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) application are important in the residency selection process. With the establishment of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies, it would be important to know whether information available in the ERAS application can predict subsequent competency-based performance of general surgery residents.

Methods: This study is a retrospective correlation of data points found in the ERAS application with core competency-based clinical rotation evaluations.

Web-based portfolios: a valuable tool for surgical education.

Background: Our residency program developed and implemented an online portfolio system. In the present communication, we describe this system and provide an early analysis of its effect on competency-based performance and acceptance of the system by the residents.

Materials And Methods: To measure competency-based performance, end-of-rotation global evaluations of residents by faculty completed before (n = 1488) and after (n = 697) implementation of the portfolio were compared.

Protected educational rotations: a valuable paradigm shift in surgical internship.

Objective: The first year of surgical training sometimes includes marginally educational or service-related tasks with limited direct interactions with faculty. We instituted a prototype rotation to address the changing needs and expectations of our intern class. This study was designed to evaluate the new rotation 17 months after it was implemented.