The Development of and Biosynthesis of Aflatoxin B1 are Regulated by the Golgi-Localized Mn Transporter Pmr1.

Microorganisms rely on diverse ion transport and trace elements to sustain growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Manganese (Mn) is essential for various biological processes and plays a crucial role in the metabolism of human cells, plants, and yeast. In , we confirmed that Pmr1 localized in and Golgi compartments was critical in facilitating Mn transport, fungal growth, development, secondary metabolism, and glycosylation.

Microbial Removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbons from Contaminated Soil under Arsenic Stress.

The contamination of soils with petroleum and its derivatives is a longstanding, widespread, and worsening environmental issue. However, efforts to remediate petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soils often neglect or overlook the interference of heavy metals that often co-contaminate these soils and occur in petroleum itself. Here, we identified baumannii strain JYZ-03 according to its Gram staining, oxidase reaction, biochemical tests, and FAME and rDNA gene sequence analyses and determined that it has the ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons.

Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Sorption of Cd(II) and Se(IV) by Rice Husk Biochar.

This study investigated the removal of metal cations (Cd(II)) and metalloid anions (Se(IV)) from their aqueous solution by using agricultural waste (rice husk biochar). Rice husk biochar samples were prepared under 300, 500, and 700 °C pyrolysis conditions and their physicochemical properties were characterized. Aqueous Cd(II) and Se(IV) sorption kinetics and isotherms of rice husk biochar were studied.

[Composition Characteristics and Construction Mechanism of Microbial Community on Microplastic Surface in Typical Redox Environments].

Microplastics are widely distributed in the biogeochemical cycle driven by microbes. Their surface is enriched with unique microbial communities, called plastispheres. Various redox environments that exist widely in the natural environment can affect the microbial composition in the plastisphere and the fate of the microplastics.

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein triggers hyperinflammation via protein-protein interaction-mediated intracellular Cl accumulation in respiratory epithelium.

SARS-CoV-2, the culprit pathogen of COVID-19, elicits prominent immune responses and cytokine storms. Intracellular Cl is a crucial regulator of host defense, whereas the role of Cl signaling pathway in modulating pulmonary inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. By using human respiratory epithelial cell lines, primary cultured human airway epithelial cells, and murine models of viral structural protein stimulation and SARS-CoV-2 direct challenge, we demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein could interact with Smad3, which downregulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression via microRNA-145.

SfgA Renders More Stable to the External Environment.

is known as a key negative transcriptional regulator gene of asexual sporulation and sterigmatocystin production in . However, here, we found that the homolog gene shows a broad and complex regulatory role in governing growth, conidiation, sclerotia formation, secondary metabolism, and environmental stress responses in . When was deleted in the fungal growth was slowed, but the conidiation was significantly increased, and the sclerotia formation displayed different behavior at different temperatures, which increased at 30 °C but decreased at 36 °C.

Therapeutic Potential of Perillaldehyde in Ameliorating Vulvovaginal Candidiasis by Reducing Vaginal Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most frequent diseases induced by () during pregnancy, which results in enormous pain to women and their partners in daily life. Perillaldehyde (PAE), a natural monoterpenoid, has significant anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key factors for the host to resist the invasion of fungi.

STAMP2 suppresses autophagy in prostate cancer cells by modulating the integrated stress response pathway.

Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 (STAMP2) is critical for prostate cancer (PCa) growth. We previously showed that STAMP2 regulates the expression of stress induced transcription factor ATF4, which is implicated in starvation-induced autophagy. We therefore investigated whether STAMP2 is involved in the regulation of autophagy in PCa cells.

Sequential CD19 and BCMA-specific CAR T-cell treatment elicits sustained remission of relapsed and/or refractory myeloma.

The low rate of durable response against relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) in recent studies indicates that chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) treatment is yet to be optimized. This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of sequential infusion of CD19-CART and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-CARTs for RRMM with a similar 3 + 3 dose escalation combined with a toxicity sentinel design. We enrolled 10 patients, among whom 7 received autologous infusion and 3 received allogeneic infusion.

Perillaldehyde: A promising antifungal agent to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Perillaldehyde (PAE), a natural monoterpenoid agent extracted from Perilla frutescence, PAE has been reported to present various physiological capabilities, such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative and anti-fungal. In this study, we show that PAE exhibits strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans (C. albicans).

Activities of Nerol, a natural plant active ingredient, against Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo.

Candida albicans invasion is one of the most serious fungal infections in clinical history. In recent years, because of the widespread use of immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and broad-spectrum antibiotics, serious drug resistance has been reported; therefore, a new type of antifungal drug needs to be developed. In this study, we found that Nerol (NEL) had strong antimicrobial activity and 0.

Cinnamaldehyde, a Promising Natural Preservative Against .

The problem of food spoilage due to () needs to be resolved. In this study, we found that the minimum inhibitory concentration of cinnamaldehyde (CA) that inhibited was 0.065 mg/ml and that corn can be prevented from spoiling at a concentration of 0.

Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Candida albicans growth by causing apoptosis and its treatment on vulvovaginal candidiasis and oropharyngeal candidiasis.

The invasion of Candida albicans is one of the most common fungal infections seen in clinical practice, and serious drug resistance has been reported in recent years. Therefore, new anti-C. albicans drugs must be introduced.

Effect of Perillaldehyde on Prophylaxis and Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis in a Murine Model.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection afflicting women which is primarily caused by the yeast (). It is imperative to introduce new drug classes to counter this threat due to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant cases in recent years. The purpose of this study was to clarify the antifungal activity of perillaldehyde (PAE) against and to prove that PAE is a promising candidate for the control of vaginal candidiasis.

Inflammation and ER stress differentially regulate STAMP2 expression and localization in adipocytes.

Background: Chronic ER stress and dysfunction is a hallmark of obesity and a critical contributor to metaflammation, abnormal hormone action and altered substrate metabolism in metabolic tissues, such as liver and adipocytes. Lack of STAMP2 in lean mice induces inflammation and insulin resistance on a regular diet, and it is dysregulated in the adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. We hypothesized that the regulation of STAMP2 is disrupted by ER stress.

IRE1α-XBP1s pathway promotes prostate cancer by activating c-MYC signaling.

Activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/the unfolded protein response (UPR) has been linked to cancer, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and there is a paucity of reagents to translate this for cancer therapy. Here, we report that an IRE1α RNase-specific inhibitor, MKC8866, strongly inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) tumor growth as monotherapy in multiple preclinical models in mice and shows synergistic antitumor effects with current PCa drugs. Interestingly, global transcriptomic analysis reveal that IRE1α-XBP1s pathway activity is required for c-MYC signaling, one of the most highly activated oncogenic pathways in PCa.

Generation of enhanced definitive endoderm from human embryonic stem cells under an albumin/insulin-free and chemically defined condition.

Aim: To enhance survival and generation of definitive endoderm cells from human embryonic stem cells in a simple and reproducible system.

Main Methods: Definitive endoderm (DE) differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) was induced under a chemical-defined condition withdrawn insulin supplement and serum albumin. We dissected influence of "alternative growth factors", WNT3A, BMP4 and bFGF in activin A-driven differentiation by detection of DE-associated genes expression and cell viability.

Calcium and oxidative stress mediate perillaldehyde-induced apoptosis in Candida albicans.

New anti-Candida albicans drugs are needed due to the emergence of resistant cases in recent years. Perillaldehyde (PAE) is a natural monoterpenoid compound derived from Perilla frutescens. The minimum inhibitory concentration of PAE against C.

In vivo and in vitro assessment of the biocompatibility and degradation of high-purity Mg anastomotic staples.

Titanium (Ti) staples are not biodegradable, and anastomotic complications related to Ti staples are reported frequently. In the present study, the biocompatibility and degradation behavior of high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) staples with the small intestine were investigated. HP Mg staples did not affect the relative growth rate, cell cycle and apoptosis of primary rectal mucosal epithelial cells (IEC-6) in vitro.

STAMP2 is required for human adipose-derived stem cell differentiation and adipocyte-facilitated prostate cancer growth .

Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 (STAMP2) has been implicated in both prostate cancer (PCa) and metabolic disease. STAMP2 has unique anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic properties in mouse adipose tissue, but there is limited information on its role in human metabolic tissues. Using human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), we report that STAMP2 expression is dramatically upregulated during adipogenesis.

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Primary Duck Hepatocytes Provides Insight into Differential Susceptibility to DHBV Infection.

Primary duck hepatocytes (PDH) displays differential susceptibility to duck hepatitis B virus when maintained in the media supplemented with fetal bovine serum or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which has been widely used for the maintenance of hepatocytes, and prolonging susceptibility to hepadnavirus. However the mechanism underlying maintenance of susceptibility to hepadnavirus by DMSO treatment remains unclear. In this study, a global transcriptome analysis of PDHs under different culture conditions was conducted for investigating the effects of DMSO on maintenance of susceptibility of PDH to DHBV in vitro.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles for targeted imaging and hyperthermia therapy for gastric cancer.

Objective: Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells exhibit great potential for generating functional human cells for medical therapies. In this paper, we report for use of human iPS cells labeled with fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles (FMNPs) for targeted imaging and synergistic therapy of gastric cancer cells in vivo.

Methods: Human iPS cells were prepared and cultured for 72 h.