Differences in Metabolic Characteristics of Rhizosphere Fungal Community of Typical Arboreal, Shrubby and Herbaceous Species in Oasis of Arid Region.

, , and are, respectively, typical arboreal, shrubby, and herbaceous species in oases of arid regions. It is important to study the difference in metabolic characteristics of the rhizosphere fungal community of these plant species and their relationships with soil factors for the preservation of delicate arid oasis ecosystems with future environmental changes. In this study, we, respectively, collected 18 rhizosphere soil samples of , .

Differential responses and mechanisms of monoterpene emissions from broad-leaved and coniferous species under elevated ozone scenarios.

Although ozone (O) pollution affects plant growth and monoterpene (MT) emissions, the responses of MT emission rates to elevated O and the related mechanisms are not entirely understood. To gain an insight into these effects and mechanisms, we evaluated physiological (leaf MT synthesis ability, including precursor availability and enzyme kinetics) and physicochemical limiting factors (e.g.

Contrasting Patterns of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Inhabiting Temperate Tree Leaves in Response to Thinning.

The phyllosphere is an important but underestimated habitat for a variety of microorganisms, with limited knowledge about leaf endophytes as a crucial component of the phyllosphere microbiome. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of communities and co-occurrence networks of leaf endophytes in response to forest thinning in a temperate forest. As we expected, contrasting responses of fungal and bacterial endophytes were observed.

Tree and shrub richness modifies subtropical tree productivity by regulating the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and archaea.

Background: Declines in plant biodiversity often have negative consequences for plant community productivity, and it becomes increasingly acknowledged that this may be driven by shifts in soil microbial communities. So far, the role of fungal communities in driving tree diversity-productivity relationships has been well assessed in forests. However, the role of bacteria and archaea, which are also highly abundant in forest soils and perform pivotal ecosystem functions, has been less investigated in this context.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and herbivore infestation depend on availability of soil water and nutrients.

Introduction: Fitness of plants is affected by their symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and such effects are highly dependent on the environmental context.

Methods: In the current study, we inoculated the nursery shrub species with AMF species under contrasting levels of soil water and nutrients (diammonium phosphate fertilization), to assess their effects on plant growth, physiology and natural infestation by herbivores.

Results: Overall, plant biomass was synergistically enhanced by increasing soil water and soil nutrient levels.

Elevated O concentrations alter the compartment-specific microbial communities inhabiting rust-infected poplars.

Elevated ozone (O ) can affect the susceptivity of plants to rust pathogens. However, the collective role of microbiomes involved in such interaction remains largely elusive. We exposed two cultivated poplar clones exhibiting differential O sensitivities, to non-filtered ambient air (NF), NF + 40 ppb or NF + 60 ppb O -enriched air in field open-top chambers and then inoculated Melampsora larici-populina urediniospores to study their response to rust infection and to investigate how microbiomes inhabiting four compartments (phyllosphere, rhizosphere, root endosphere, bulk soil) are involved in this response.

Heavy metal accumulation characteristics and physiological response of Sabina chinensis and Platycladus orientalis to atmospheric pollution.

Heavy metal (Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Cd) concentrations were measured in the leaves of Sabina chinensis and Platycladus orientalis collected from urban, suburban, and rural sites in Tianjin, China. Photosynthetic pigment contents, reactive oxygen species content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated, providing physiological response parameters. Our comparison of the sites revealed that urbanization significantly influenced the heavy metal concentrations in both plant leaves.

Effects of elevated ozone on the emission of volatile isoprenoids from flowers and leaves of rose (Rosa sp.) varieties.

Tropospheric ozone (O) affects isoprenoid emissions, and floral emissions in particular, which may result in potential impacts on the interactions of plants with other organisms. The effects of ozone (O) on isoprenoid emissions have been investigated for many years, while knowledge on O effects on floral emissions is still scarce and the relevant mechanism has not been clarified so far. We investigated the effects of O on floral and foliar isoprenoid emissions (mainly isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) and their synthase substrates from three rose varieties (CH, Rosa chinensis Jacq.

Interactive Effects of Mycorrhizae, Soil Phosphorus, and Light on Growth and Induction and Priming of Defense in .

Increasing demands to reduce fertilizer and pesticide input in agriculture has triggered interest in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can enhance plant growth and confer mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). MIR can be based on a variety of mechanisms, including induction of defense compounds, and sensitization of the plant's immune system (priming) for enhanced defense against later arriving pests or pathogens signaled through jasmonic acid (JA). However, growth and resistance benefits of AMF highly depend on environmental conditions.

Spatial factors and plant attributes influence soil fungal community distribution patterns in the lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China.

Inland river basins include critical habitats and provide various ecosystem services in extremely arid lands. However, we know little about the distribution patterns of soil fungal communities in these river basins. We investigated the distribution patterns of soil fungal communities from the riparian oasis zone (ROZ) to the circumjacent desert zone (CDZ) at the lower reaches of the Heihe River.

Heterophyllous Shoots of Japanese Larch Trees: The Seasonal and Yearly Variation in CO Assimilation Capacity of the Canopy Top with Changing Environment.

Japanese larch ( = ) is often characterized by its high growth rate with heterophyllous shoots, but the functional differences of heterophyllous shoots still remain unclear. Recently, abrupt high temperature and drought during spring induced high photosynthetic rate via change in leaf morphology of the deciduous habit. In order to reveal the photosynthetic characteristics of both short and long-shoot needles of sunny canopy of the larch trees using a canopy tower, we calculated the seasonal change of gas exchange characters and leaf mass per area (LMA) and foliar nitrogen content (N) of heterophyllous needles: short and long-shoot needles over 3 years.

Insight into the influence of humic acid and sodium alginate fractions on membrane fouling in coagulation-ultrafiltration combined system.

Membrane fouling has become the one of main obstacles for the widespread application of membrane technology in water treatment processes. Coagulation as pretreatment is proven to be effective for the alleviation of membrane fouling. In this study, the influence of humic acid (HA)/sodium alginate (SA) fractions in the structure and resistance of cake layer on the membrane surface was investigated.

Impact of ozone pollution on nitrogen fertilization management during maize (Zea mays L.) production.

The impacts of ozone (O) on crops have been extensively studied and are well understood. However, little information is available on the response of crops (especially maize) to the interactive effects of O and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. To this end, a maize cultivar (Zheng dan 958, ZD958) that is common in China was exposed to two O treatments and four N levels.

Cd heavy metal and plants, rather than soil nutrient conditions, affect soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in green spaces during urbanization.

Urbanization accelerates pollution and habitat fragmentation, and the mechanism that shapes the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community in urban ecosystem still remains poorly understood. In this study, soil samples from 23 sites (from rural to urban), belonging to 4 green space types (country park, Co; urban park, Pa; roadside green space1, RoP1; and roadside green space2, RoP2), were collected to assess the effects of the urbanization on the AM fungal diversity. Using 454 pyrosequencing, a total of 79 AM fungal OTUs were uncovered.

Soil Property and Plant Diversity Determine Bacterial Turnover and Network Interactions in a Typical Arid Inland River Basin, Northwest China.

Water sources from the lower reaches of the Heihe River northwest China, located in an arid area impacted by environmental stresses, have promoted changes to the local soil and plant conditions; however, our understanding of variations and drivers of soil bacterial communities in an arid inland river basin remains unclear. Therefore, we collected 39 soil samples from a riparian oasis zone (ROZ) to the circumjacent desert zone (CDZ) at the lower reaches of Heihe River to evaluate bacterial communities based on the 16S rRNA gene data. We found that the bacterial community composition differed between ROZ and CDZ habitats, with significantly higher relative abundance of the phyla Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria in ROZ, whereas the abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus was greater in CDZ.

Effects of plant coverage on shrub fertile islands in the Upper Minjiang River Valley.

The patchy distribution of vegetation in dry land results in well-documented "fertile islands". However, the response of shrub fertile islands to plant recovery and the underlying mechanisms, such as the linkage plant and soil properties, remain unknown. We sampled soils from areas with three different plant coverages (25%, 45%, and 75%) and three of their adjacent inter-plants to investigate soil physicochemical and microbial properties in the upper Minjiang River arid valley.

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on ectomycorrhizae community structure in hybrid larch and its parents grown in volcanic ash soil: The role of phosphorous.

With the rapid industrial development and modern agricultural practices, increasing nitrogen (N) deposition can cause nutrient imbalance in immature volcanic ash soil commonly found in Japan. Larch species, widely distributed in northeast Eurasia, are associated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi which play a critical role in nutrient acquisition for their hosts. In this study, we investigated species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with a hybrid larch (F) and its parents, Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var.

Relative influence of sediment variables on mangrove community assembly in Leizhou Peninsula, China.

Effective conservation of mangroves requires a complete understanding of vegetation structure and identification of the variables most important to their assembly. Using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) combined with variation partition, we determined the independent and joint effects of sediment variables, including physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals, on mangrove community assemblies in the overstory and understory in Leizhou Peninsula, China. The results indicated that the contributions of sediment physicochemical variables to community assembly were greater than were those of heavy metals, particularly in overstory vegetation.

Effects of road dust on the growth characteristics of Sophora japonica L. seedlings.

Road dust is one of the most common pollutants and causes a series of negative effects on plant physiology. Dust's impacts on plants can be regarded as a combination of load, composition and grain size impacts on plants; however, there is a lack of integrated dust effect studies involving these three aspects. In our study, Sophora japonica seedlings were artificially dusted with road dust collected from the road surface of Beijing so that we could study the impacts of this dust on nitrogen/carbon allocation, biomass allocation and photosynthetic pigments from the three aspects of composition, load and grain size.

Ecological risk assessments and context-dependence analysis of heavy metal contamination in the sediments of mangrove swamp in Leizhou Peninsula, China.

Sediments in eight types of mangroves were sampled in the Leizhou Peninsula. Heavy metals were analyzed to investigate the effects on metal distribution of mangrove communities, to evaluate contamination levels, identify sources and relationships between the two. Results showed that mangrove communities have effects on most heavy metal distributions in sediments, especially in the sediment with shrub communities of Aegiceras corniculatum where the contents of many metals are highest.

Ectomycorrhizal colonization and growth of the hybrid larch F₁ under elevated CO₂ and O₃.

We studied the colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi and species abundance of a hybrid larch (F1) under elevated CO₂ and O₃. Two-year-old seedlings were planted in an Open-Top-Chamber system with treatments: Control (O3 < 6 nmol/mol), O₃ (60 nmol/mol), CO₂ (600 μmol/mol), and CO2 + O₃. After two growing seasons, ectomycorrhiza (ECM) colonization and root biomass increased under elevated CO₂.

Soil microbial properties under different vegetation types on Mountain Han.

This study investigated the influence of broadleaf and conifer vegetation on soil microbial communities in a distinct vertical distribution belt in Northeast China. Soil samples were taken at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depths from four vegetation types at different altitudes, which were characterized by poplar (Populus davidiana) (1250-1300 m), poplar (P. davidiana) mixed with birch (Betula platyphylla) (1370-1550 m), birch (B.

[Soil microbial properties under different vegetation types in Loess hilly region].

By using fumigation-extract (FE) method and Biolog Ecoplate, this paper investigated the microbial biomass and diversity in 0-20 cm soil layer under five vegetation types, including artificial woodland, shrubland, cropland, abandoned farmland, and natural grassland, in Dingxi of Gansu Province. In the meanwhile, the relationships between soil microbes and soil nutrients were studied by path analysis, and the five typical vegetation types were evaluated from the aspect of soil microbes. Relative to cropland, "grain for green" project played a key role in improving soil microbial resources.

[Influence of soil moisture, nitrogen and phosphorus contents on Bauhinia faberi seedlings growth characteristics in arid valley of Minjiang River].

To study the influence of resources thresholds on plant growth is a major theme in restoration ecology. Based on the simulation of the natural thresholds of soil moisture, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) under drought condition in the arid valley of Mingjiang River, a full factorial experiment was designed to study the dynamics of Bauhinia faberi seedlings survival rate, growth, biomass production, and resources use efficiency across one growth season. High soil moisture (40% field water capacity), high soil P (24 mg P x kg(-1)), and low N (100 mg N x kg(-1)) increased the seedlings survival rate, and promoted the seedlings growth, biomass production, and water use efficiency.