Evaluation of transrectal ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy as a complementary method for predicting pathological complete response in rectal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment: a phase II prospective and diagnostic trial.

Importance: Patients with pathological complete response (pCR) of rectal cancer following neoadjuvant treatment had better oncological outcomes. However, reliable methods for accurately predicting pCR remain limited.

Objective: To evaluate whether transrectal ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy (TRUS-TCB) adds diagnostic value to conventional modalities for predicting pathological complete response in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant treatment.

Development and Validation of a Post-Radiotherapy Prediction Model for Bowel Dysfunction After Rectal Cancer Resection.

Background & Aims: The benefit of radiotherapy for rectal cancer is based largely on a balance between a decrease in local recurrence and an increase in bowel dysfunction. Predicting postoperative disability is helpful for recovery plans and early intervention. We aimed to develop and validate a risk model to improve the prediction of major bowel dysfunction after restorative rectal cancer resection with neoadjuvant radiotherapy using perioperative features.

Peritoneal cell-free DNA as a sensitive biomarker for detection of peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer: a prospective diagnostic study: A prospective diagnostic study.

Background: The detection of peritoneal metastasis (PM) is limited by current imaging tools. In this prospective study, we aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of peritoneal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for diagnosis of PM.

Methods: Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with/without PM were enrolled.

CT-based deep learning model for the prediction of DNA mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer: a diagnostic study.

Background: Stratification of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) enables individual clinical treatment decision making. The present study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model based on the pre-treatment CT images for predicting MMR status in CRC.

Methods: 1812 eligible participants (training cohort: n = 1124; internal validation cohort: n = 482; external validation cohort: n = 206) with CRC were enrolled from two institutions.

Unsupervised Learning Composite Network to Reduce Training Cost of Deep Learning Model for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis.

Deep learning facilitates complex medical data analysis and is increasingly being explored in colorectal cancer diagnostics. However, the training cost of the deep learning model limits its real-world medical utility. In this study, we present a composite network that combines deep learning and unsupervised K-means clustering algorithm (RK-net) for automatic processing of medical images.

Identification of immune cell function in breast cancer by integrating multiple single-cell data.

Breast cancer has now become the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. It is a highly complex and heterogeneous disease that comprises distinct histological features and treatment response. With the development of molecular biology and immunology, immunotherapy has become a new field of breast cancer treatment.

Expression Pattern and Prognostic Value of CTLA-4, CD86, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Rectal Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemo(radio)therapy.

The synergistic effect of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with neoadjuvant chemo(radio)therapy (nCRT) in colorectal cancer is still limited. We aimed to understand the impact of nCRT on the tumor microenvironment and to explore favorable immune markers of this combination. Herein, we investigated the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), CD86, CD4, and CD8 after nCRT and its association with clinicopathological characteristics.

Laparoscopic Proximally Extended Colorectal Resection With Two-Stage Turnbull-Cutait Pull-Through Coloanal Anastomosis for Late Complications of Chronic Radiation Proctopathy.

Background: Chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) is a common complication after radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies. Compared with diversion surgery, resection surgery removes the damaged tissue completely to avoid the risks of recurrence and improve patients' outcome. Hence, resection surgery could be an optimal surgical approach when CRP is complicated by late complications.

ROS/JNK/C-Jun Pathway is Involved in Chaetocin Induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Apoptosis and Macrophage Phagocytosis Enhancement.

There is an urgent need for novel agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the increasing number of cases and drug-resistance related to current treatments. In this study, we aim to uncover the potential of chaetocin, a natural product, as a chemotherapeutic for CRC treatment. We showed that, regardless of 5-FU-resistance, chaetocin induced proliferation inhibition by causing G2/M phase arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells.

Risk Prediction and Treatment of LE-DVT in Patients with Chronic Radiation Intestinal Injury: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background: Chronic radiation intestinal injury (CRII) is the most common complication after pelvic malignancy radiation. Once hemorrhagic CRII patients suffer from lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LE-DVT), hemostasis and anticoagulation therapy will be adopted simultaneously, but the treatment strategy is a paradox, as the condition is extremely intractable and serious. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for LE-DVT in CRII patients and explore the treatment of hemorrhagic CRII patients with LE-DVT.

Risk Factors of Delayed Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function After Ileostomy Reversal for Rectal Cancer Patients.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with delayed recovery of gastrointestinal function after ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer patients.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the data of rectal cancer patients who underwent ileostomy reversal from January 2018 to December 2019 at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were assessed to investigate potential risk factors of delayed flatus after ileostomy reversal.

Results: A total of 282 patients were eligible for this study.

Medical Management of Inoperable Malignant Bowel Obstruction.

Objective: To review medical management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction.

Data Sources: A literature review using PubMed and MEDLINE databases searching , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

Study Selection And Data Extraction: Randomized or observational studies, cohorts, case reports, or reviews written in English between 1983 and November 2020 were evaluated.

Diverting colostomy is an effective procedure for ulcerative chronic radiation proctitis patients after pelvic malignancy radiation.

Background: Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP) with rectal ulcer is a common complication after pelvic malignancy radiation, and gradually deteriorating ulcers will result in severe complications such as fistula. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of colostomy on ulcerative CRP and to identify associated influence factors with effectiveness of colostomy.

Methods: Between November 2011 to February 2019, 811 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with radiation-induced enteritis (RE) in Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, among which 284 patients presented with rectal ulcer, and 61 ulcerative CRP patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed.

To what extent should the intestinal be resected proximally after radiotherapy: hint from a pathological view.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is associated with post-operative anastomotic complications in rectal-cancer patients. Anastomosis involving at least one non-irradiated margin reportedly significantly reduces the risk of post-operative anastomotic complications in radiation enteritis. However, the exact scope of radiotherapy on the remaining sigmoid colon remains unknown.

Quantitative CT measurement of left colonic and pelvic mesenteric adipose volume in radiation proctitis.

Background: The edema of left colonic and pelvic mesenteric adipose tissues has long been recognized in surgery as a characteristic feature of radiation proctitis (RP). However, the correlation between mesenteric adipose volume and RP has not been extensively clarified. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the variation of left colonic and pelvic mesenteric adipose volume in RP.

Diverting colostomy is an effective and reversible option for severe hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy.

Background: Severe chronic radiation proctopathy (CRP) is difficult to treat.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of colostomy and stoma reversal for CRP.

Methods: To assess the efficacy of colostomy in CRP, patients with severe hemorrhagic CRP who underwent colostomy or conservative treatment were enrolled.

Effect of interval between preoperative radiotherapy and surgery on clinical outcome and radiation proctitis in rectal cancer from FOWARC trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the interval between CRT and surgery on radiation proctitis, the pathologic response, and postoperative morbidity.

Methods: This was a cohort study from a phase III, randomized controlled trial (FOWARC study, NCT01211210). Data were retrieved from the leading center of the trial.

Clinical Anastomotic Leakage After Rectal Cancer Resection Can Be Predicted by Pelvic Anatomic Features on Preoperative MRI Scans: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: We demonstrated previously that radiation proctitis induced by preoperative radiotherapy is a predisposing factor for clinical anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection. Quantitative measurement of radiation proctitis is needed.

Objective: This study aimed to quantitate the changes of anatomic features caused by preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer and evaluate its ability to predict leakage.

The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Confers Oxaliplatin Resistance of Colorectal Cancer By Upregulating CDC6.

Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein that posttranscriptionally regulates many cancer-trait genes. CDC6, a central regulator of DNA replication, is regulated by HuR. In this study, we investigated the role of HuR in colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance, as well as the underlying mechanisms involving CDC6.

Radiation-induced injury on surgical margins: a clue to anastomotic leakage after rectal-cancer resection with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy?

Background: Few studies on anastomotic condition after rectal-cancer resection and its effect on anastomotic leakage (AL) are available up to now. This study aimed to investigate potential radiation-induced injury left on surgical margins of anterior resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and its association with AL.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 161 consecutive patients who underwent anterior resection with nCRT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy without radiation (nCT) or no neoadjuvant therapy between 2014 and 2015.

Stent placement followed by preoperative chemotherapy and elective surgery for acute malignant colorectal obstruction: Six cases of report.

Background: The self-expandable metal stent is used as a bridge to surgery in the treatment of acute malignant colorectal obstruction (AMCO). However, recent studies have shown inferior long-term outcomes and increased risk of tumor dissemination after stent placement. In addition, the optimal interval between stent placement and surgery is not clear.