Research Progress on Peptide Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes and the Possibility of Oral Administration.

Diabetes is a global disease that can lead to a range of complications. Currently, the treatment of type 2 diabetes focuses on oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin analogues. Studies have shown that drugs such as oral metformin are useful in the treatment of diabetes but can limit the liver's ability to release sugar.

Pesticide residues: Bridging the gap between environmental exposure and chronic disease through omics.

Pesticide residues, resulting from agricultural practices, pose significant health and environmental risks. This review synthesizes the current understanding of pesticide impacts on the immune system, highlighting their role in chronic diseases such as asthma, diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancer. We emphasize the significant role of omics technologies in the study of pesticide toxicity mechanisms.

Increased expression of LCN2 formed a positive feedback loop with activation of the ERK pathway in human kidney cells during kidney stone formation.

Kidney stones are a common threat to the health of elderly patients with a high incidence of disease. However, the specific molecular mechanism of the formation of kidney stones has not been elucidated. Here, we combined signalling molecules with signalling pathways in a double positive circulation regulation model.

Regulation of nonylphenol-induced reproductive toxicity in mouse spermatogonia cells by miR-361-3p.

Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental chemical that affects apoptosis and male infertility. In our study, we found that a high concentration of NP could down-regulate the expression of microRNA-361-3p (miR-361-3p) in the murine GC-1 spermatogonia cell line and in vivo in murine spermatogonia. Additionally, one direct target of this miR, the 3' untranslated region of Killin (Klln) mRNA, was identified.