Theoretical evidence of H-He demixing under Jupiter and Saturn conditions.

The immiscibility of hydrogen-helium mixture under the temperature and pressure conditions of planetary interiors is crucial for understanding the structures of gas giant planets (e.g., Jupiter and Saturn).

KARS Mutations Impair Brain Myelination by Inducing Oligodendrocyte Deficiency: One Potential Mechanism and Improvement by Melatonin.

It is very crucial to investigate key molecules that are involved in myelination to gain an understanding of brain development and injury. We have reported for the first time that pathogenic variants p.R477H and p.

Microstructure evolution under thermo-mechanical operating of rocksalt-structure TiN via neural network potential.

In the process of high temperature service, the mechanical properties of cutting tools decrease sharply due to the peeling of the protective coating. However, the mechanism of such coating failure remains obscure due to the complicated interaction between atomic structure, temperature, and stress. This dynamic evolution nature demands both large system sizes and accurate description on the atomic scale, raising challenges for existing atomic scale calculation methods.

DeePMD-kit v2: A software package for deep potential models.

DeePMD-kit is a powerful open-source software package that facilitates molecular dynamics simulations using machine learning potentials known as Deep Potential (DP) models. This package, which was released in 2017, has been widely used in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and material science for studying atomistic systems. The current version of DeePMD-kit offers numerous advanced features, such as DeepPot-SE, attention-based and hybrid descriptors, the ability to fit tensile properties, type embedding, model deviation, DP-range correction, DP long range, graphics processing unit support for customized operators, model compression, non-von Neumann molecular dynamics, and improved usability, including documentation, compiled binary packages, graphical user interfaces, and application programming interfaces.

Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Monolayer InSe Calculated by Machine Learning Potential.

The two-dimensional post-transition-metal chalcogenides, particularly indium selenide (InSe), exhibit salient carrier transport properties and evince extensive interest for broad applications. A comprehensive understanding of thermal transport is indispensable for thermal management. However, theoretical predictions on thermal transport in the InSe system are found in disagreement with experimental measurements.

IGFBP2 expressing midlobular hepatocytes preferentially contribute to liver homeostasis and regeneration.

Although midlobular hepatocytes in zone 2 are a recently identified cellular source for liver homeostasis and regeneration, these cells have not been exclusively fate mapped. We generated an Igfbp2-CreER knockin strain that specifically labels midlobular hepatocytes. During homeostasis over 1 year, zone 2 hepatocytes increased in abundance from occupying 21%-41% of the lobular area.

Positive selection of somatically mutated clones identifies adaptive pathways in metabolic liver disease.

Somatic mutations in nonmalignant tissues accumulate with age and injury, but whether these mutations are adaptive on the cellular or organismal levels is unclear. To interrogate genes in human metabolic disease, we performed lineage tracing in mice harboring somatic mosaicism subjected to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Proof-of-concept studies with mosaic loss of Mboat7, a membrane lipid acyltransferase, showed that increased steatosis accelerated clonal disappearance.

In vivo screening identifies SPP2, a secreted factor that negatively regulates liver regeneration.

Background And Aims: The liver is remarkably regenerative and can completely recover even when 80% of its mass is surgically removed. Identification of secreted factors that regulate liver growth would help us understand how organ size and regeneration are controlled but also provide candidate targets to promote regeneration or impair cancer growth.

Approach And Results: To enrich for secreted factors that regulate growth control, we induced massive liver overgrowth with either YAP or MYC .

A dual role of human tRNA methyltransferase hTrmt13 in regulating translation and transcription.

Since numerous RNAs and RBPs prevalently localize to active chromatin regions, many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) may be potential transcriptional regulators. RBPs are generally thought to regulate transcription via noncoding RNAs. Here, we describe a distinct, dual mechanism of transcriptional regulation by the previously uncharacterized tRNA-modifying enzyme, hTrmt13.

Selective and competitive functions of the AAR and UPR pathways in stress-induced angiogenesis.

The amino acid response (AAR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways converge on eIF2α phosphorylation, which is catalyzed by Gcn2 and Perk, respectively, under different stresses. This close interconnection makes it difficult to specify different functions of AAR and UPR. Here, we generated a zebrafish model in which loss of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (Tars) induces angiogenesis dependent on Tars aminoacylation activity.

Newly acquired N-terminal extension targets threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein into the multiple tRNA synthetase complex.

A typical feature of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) is the evolutionary gain of domains at either the N- or C-terminus, which frequently mediating protein-protein interaction. TARSL2 (mouse Tarsl2), encoding a threonyl-tRNA synthetase-like protein (ThrRS-L), is a recently identified aaRS-duplicated gene in higher eukaryotes, with canonical functions in vitro, which exhibits a different N-terminal extension (N-extension) from TARS (encoding ThrRS). We found the first half of the N-extension of human ThrRS-L (hThrRS-L) is homologous to that of human arginyl-tRNA synthetase.

A natural non-Watson-Crick base pair in human mitochondrial tRNAThr causes structural and functional susceptibility to local mutations.

Six pathogenic mutations have been reported in human mitochondrial tRNAThr (hmtRNAThr); however, the pathogenic molecular mechanism remains unclear. Previously, we established an activity assay system for human mitochondrial threonyl-tRNA synthetase (hmThrRS). In the present study, we surveyed the structural and enzymatic effects of pathogenic mutations in hmtRNAThr and then focused on m.