Immunization information system status in China, 2017.

Immunization Information Systems (IIS) are computerized population-based systems with individual-level vaccination-related information used to help ensure protection from vaccine preventable diseases. The Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (China CDC) conducted a survey of the 32 mainland China provincial CDCs to determine IIS coverage and implementation of key functions: individual vaccination records, vaccine management, cold-chain management, and school entry vaccination status verification. Twenty-seven IISs collectively managed 252 million immunization records, 43.

Immunogenicity and safety of measles-rubella vaccine co-administered with attenuated Japanese encephalitis SA 14-14-2 vaccine in infants aged 8 months in China: a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

Background: In China, measles-rubella vaccine and live attenuated SA 14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LJEV) are recommended for simultaneous administration at 8 months of age, which is the youngest recommended age for these vaccines worldwide. We aimed to assess the effect of the co-administration of these vaccines at 8 months of age on the immunogenicity of measles-rubella vaccine.

Methods: We did a multicentre, open-label, non-inferiority, two-group randomised controlled trial in eight counties or districts in China.

Factors influencing the routine immunization status of children aged 2-3 years in China.

Objectives: To examine the factors associated with the routine immunization status of children aged 2-3 years in China for gaining a better understanding of the Expanded Program on Immunization and to provide evidence for formulating specific strategies to guide the allocation of health resources.

Methods: We analyzed data from 45095 children aged 2-3 years in the 2013 National Immunization Coverage Survey to identify the sociodemographic and provider-associated factors affecting the full immunization status of children. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed.

Evaluation of a school entry immunization record check strategy in 4 counties of Ningxia and Hubei provinces, China.

China has a national requirement that children's vaccination status is to be checked upon entry to kindergarten and school; children who have missed vaccine doses are to be referred to vaccination clinics to receive the necessary vaccinations. Most provinces have Immunization Information Systems (IIS) that contain and manage vaccination records of children served by immunization clinics. We conducted an evaluation in Hubei and Ningxia provinces using IIS data to determine the effect of their school entry immunization record checking strategy (SECS) on vaccination coverage and rate of catch-up for selected vaccines.

Evaluation of the impact of Shandong illegal vaccine sales incident on immunizations in China.

A case of illegal vaccine sales in Shandong province, China, (hereinafter, the incident), which caused a lack of confidence among vaccination recipients and public panic, was uncovered in March 2016. We conducted a study comprising two cross-sectional surveys: at two months (May 2016) and seven months (October 2016) after the incident. The study aimed to evaluate the impact on immunizations; investigate the variation of the immunization coverage of the National Immunization Program Vaccines (NIPV) and the sales volume growth rate of Category II vaccines; and understand the reasons for non-vaccination and perspectives on immunization.

Utilization pattern of Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine in eight provinces of China.

Objective: In China, Hib vaccine is a private-sector vaccine that is an option for parents to select to give to their children; it must be paid for out-of-pocket because it is not included in the government's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). We evaluated utilization patterns of Hib vaccine to provide evidence in support of development of a national Hib vaccination strategy.

Methods: We obtained lists of children from immunization information systems (IIS) of counties or districts in 8 provinces of China.

Dopamine modified hyperbranched TiO arrays based ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical immunosensor for detecting neuron specific enolase.

In this work, three-dimensional (3D) hyperbranched TiO nanorod arrays were synthesized and used to fabricate dopamine sensitized photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor. To increase the lifetime of charge carriers and enhance the photocurrent responses signal, a delicate signal amplification strategy by introducing dopamine (DA) as sensitizer was developed. The dopamine sensitized TiO can shorten the carrier diffusion distance, improve light harvesting efficiency and charge collection efficiency, which results in performance improvement of the as-obtained PEC sensor.

[Safety and immunogenicity of measles attenuated live vaccine prepared by master seed lot vaccine of Shanghai-191 strain].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a new measles vaccine prepared by master seed lot original vaccine of Shanghai-191 strain.

Methods: According to selection and exclusion criteria, 8-10-month healthy children, who have no history of measles, measles vaccine inoculation and vaccination contraindication were selected. The children selected were vaccinated 0.

Genetic analysis of hantaviruses carried by reed voles Microtus fortis in China.

To gain more insights into the epidemiology of hantaviruses in China, the hantaviral S, M and L segment sequences were recovered from two Microtus fortis captured in Shenyang and four M. fortis trapped in Yuanjiang in China. Genetic analysis revealed that Shenyang sequences are closely related to the sequences of Fusong strains of Vladivostok virus (VLAV).

[Molecule character of rabies virus in 3 counties in Hunan China].

Objective: To study the rabies molecular biology features in animals between high incidence area of rabies and no rabies cases area in Hunan.

Methods: detect saliva of dogs and brains of dogs and cats by direct immunofluorescence assay, review positive samples by RT-PCR, sequencing extract RNA virus for genetic analysis.

Results: 12 were detected rabies virus antigen and positive nucleoside acid in 82 dogs from Wugang city also 1 in 17 from Dongkou county; the positive rate: Wugang 14.

[An epidemiological study of rabies virus in domestic dogs, cats and wildlife and the immunogenicity study for rabies vaccines derived from different cell cultured virus strains].

For epidemiological investigation of the rabies virus carrier rates of domestic dogs, cats and wild animals like rodent animals and bats,three kinds of regions where rabies had higher incidence (Hunan and Guizhou Provinces), lower incidence (Jiangsu Province, Wuhan City) and provisionally rabies-free (Shenyang City) were selected. Then the antigenic types, the genovariation of the isolaled viruses and the currently vaccine matching of the virus strains were analyzed. The results showed that in China the principal host of rabies is dog,the total virus carrier rate of the captured dogs was 2.

[An epidemiologle investigation of hantaviruses carried by rodent hosts in Hunan province].

Objective: To explore the hantavirus infection and their genotype in rodents in Hunan.

Methods: Hantavirus antigens in the rat lungs from Hunan province were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Partial S and M segment in antigen-positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR, and then sequenced.

A molecular epidemiological study targeting the glycoprotein gene of rabies virus isolates from China.

A group of 31 rabies viruses (RABVs), recovered primarily from dogs, one deer and one human case, were collected from various areas in China between 1989 and 2006. Complete G gene sequences determined for these isolates indicated identities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of >or=87% and 93.8%, respectively.

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates in China during 2004.

Human rabies cases have been on the rise during the past few years in China and a total of 2651 cases were reported in 2004. To better understand the current rabies epidemics in China, we isolated rabies viruses from dogs and humans from five provinces and characterized these isolates genetically by sequencing the entire nucleoprotein (N) gene. Comparison of the N genes among these isolates revealed 86.

[Analysis on the epidemiology of rabies in Hunan province in the past 10 years].

Objective: To explore the possible factors causing the increase of rabies cases and to provide references for the development of related prevention and control strategy in Hunan.

Methods: Data was collected and analyzed on epidemic situation of rabies in the past ten years, and studies were carried in some counties.

Results: From 1994 to 1999, the annual cases sustained between 17 and 78.