Strategies for overcoming the limitations of enzymatic carbon dioxide reduction.

The overexploitation of fossil fuels has led to a significant increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentrations, thereby causing problems, such as the greenhouse effect. Rapid global climate change has caused researchers to focus on utilizing CO in a green and efficient manner. One of the ways to achieve this is by converting CO into valuable chemicals via chemical, photochemical, electrochemical, or enzymatic methods.

Weak measurements of the waist of an arbitrarily polarized beam via in-plane spin splitting.

As an important parameter to determine the transmission characteristics of a Gaussian beam, the beam waist holds a huge impact in laser technology and imaging systems. Although it is necessary to clearly measure the specific value of the beam waist, the traditional measurement steps are complex and easily introduce error in the measurement process. In this work, we propose an effective method using the in-plane spin splitting (IPSS) generated by the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) to precisely estimate the beam waist.