The up-regulation of PD-L1 during boningmycin-induced senescence in human cancer cells depends on the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway mediated by SASP.

Therapy-induced senescence can regulate both the innate and adaptive immune systems, thereby affecting therapeutic efficacy. Bleomycin is a major component of combined chemotherapy regimens, utilized for the treatment of multiple tumors, whereas pulmonary toxicity severely restricts its clinical benefits. As a member of the bleomycin family, boningmycin (BON) exhibits potent anticancer activity with minimal pulmonary toxicity, making it a potential alternative to bleomycin.

Boningmycin induces AMPK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of PD-L1 protein in human cancer cells.

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies have displayed remarkable clinical benefits and revolutionized the treatment of multiple tumor types, but the low response rates and immune-related adverse events limit their application, which promoting the development of small molecule agents to improve the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. Boningmycin (BON), a new small molecule belonging to bleomycin (BLM) family, exhibits potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, as well as negligible lung toxicity, thereby can be an alternative of BLM. However, understandings about the anticancer mechanism of BLM-related compounds are extremely rare, it remains unclear if they affect PD-L1 level in a manner similar to that of other antitumor drugs.

Decrease of ABCB1 protein expression and increase of G phase arrest induced by oleanolic acid in human multidrug-resistant cancer cells.

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural compound that can be found in a number of edible and medicinal plants and confers diverse biological actions. However, the direct target of OA in human tumor cells remains poorly understood, preventing its application in clinical and health settings. A previous study revealed that overexpression of caveolin-1 in human leukemia HL-60 cells can increase its sensitivity to OA.

Distinct characteristics of dasatinib-induced pyroptosis in gasdermin E-expressing human lung cancer A549 cells and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.

Dasatinib, a multikinase inhibitor, is used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and was developed to overcome imatinib resistance. Its mechanism of action involves the induction of apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. However, it remains unclear whether dasatinib can induce pyroptosis.

Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity of Cyclic Lipopeptide Antibiotics with Varied Polarity, Hydrophobicity, and Positive Charge Distribution.

Twenty-three polymyxin analogs with variations at nine amino acid positions were synthesized and assessed for antimicrobial activity and renal cytotoxicity. Compounds , , , and (MIC = 0.125-4 μg/mL) had similar or stronger activities against susceptible and drug-resistant strains of , , , and compared to polymyxin B (MIC = 1-2 μg/mL).

Neuroprotective effects of chloroform and aqueous fractions of noni juice against t-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells.

Oxidative stress is more likely to cause damage to neuronal cells and mediates some neurodegenerative disorders. It is well known that natural antioxidants can prevent oxidative stress damage and become a potential therapeutic strategy. Noni juice obtained from the fruit of the tree , as a folk medicine, has been used for over two thousand years.

Comparison of Clinical, Histopathological, and Genomic Features Between Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors and Cellular Schwannomas of the Eighth Cranial Nerve: A Case Series.

Background: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) and cellular schwannomas (CSs) of the eighth cranial nerve are exceedingly rare. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate clinical and genetic characterization of these rare tumors.

Methods: The clinical and radiological features were analyzed retrospectively.

Nrf2 mediates the resistance of human A549 and HepG2 cancer cells to boningmycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, in vitro through regulation of glutathione levels.

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor and a pivotal factor in the induction of the cell defense system. Recent reports show that Nrf2 plays critical roles in tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. In the present study we investigated whether and how Nrf2 mediated the resistance of human cancer cells to boningmycin (BON), a new antitumor antibiotic of the bleomycin family.

Deregulation of the Hippo Pathway Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation Through YAP Activity in Human Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) can cause serious neurological defects including hearing loss and facial paralysis. The aim of this study is to identify whether Hippo signaling could be a potential targetable pathway for clinical treatment in VSs.

Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed in 10 sporadic VSs and 4 normal nerves to identify aberrant genes expression of the Hippo pathway.

Lower endogenous p53 levels and degradation of AKT protein contribute to potent suppression of the new antibiotic Xiakemycin A on tumor cells.

Xiakemycin A (XKA), a new pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotic, is isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. CC8-201. It exerts potent suppression of cell proliferation on some types of tumor cells.

Synthesis and Bioactivity Investigation of the Individual Components of Cyclic Lipopeptide Antibiotics.

In this paper, 26 natural polymyxin components and a new derivative S were synthesized, and their differences in efficacy and toxicity have been investigated. Almost all of the synthesized components showed strong activity against both susceptible and resistant strains of E. coli, K.

Involvement of bleomycin hydrolase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in Ubc9-mediated resistance to chemotherapy agents.

Ubiquitin-conjugating protein 9 (Ubc9), the sole enzyme for sumoylation, plays critical roles in many physiological functions, such as DNA damage repair and genome integrity. Its overexpression led to poor prognosis and drug resistance in tumor chemotherapy. However, the underlying mechanism by which Ubc9 promotes tumor progress and influences the susceptibility to antitumor agents remains elusive.

Biodiesel Production: Utilization of Loofah Sponge to Immobilize Rhizopus chinensis CGMCC #3.0232 Cells as a Whole-Cell Biocatalyst.

Rhizopus chinensis cells immobilized on loofah (Luffa cylindrica) sponges were used to produce biodiesel via the transesterification of soybean oil. In whole-cell immobilization, loofah sponge is considered to be a superior alternative to conventional biomass carriers because of its biodegradable and renewable properties. During cell cultivation, Rhizopus chinensis mycelia can spontaneously and firmly adhere to the surface of loofah sponge particles.

[Tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance of targeted antitumor agents].

The popular application of targeted antitumor agents has greatly improved the efficacies of tumor therapy. However, some patients develop drug resistance after the administration with them for six to twelve months, leading to the failure of treatment. The cause of it is mainly due to tumor heterogeneity.

Potentiation of resveratrol-induced apoptosis by matrine in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytochemical, has received considerable attention due to its potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. In the present study, we first evaluated the growth-inhibitory effect of resveratrol on HepG2 cells and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Resveratrol inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induction of p53 expression.

[Mechanisms of yanshu injection for overcoming multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells: an experimental research].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yanshu Injection (YI) for overcoming multidrug resistance in breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells.

Methods: Human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/DOX cells were treated with YI. Its inhibition on the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.

Puerarin inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy via the redox-sensitive ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathways.

Aim: To investigate the effects of puerarin (Pue), an isoflavone derived from Kudzu roots, on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were infused with Ang II and treated with Pue (100 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po) for 15 d. After the treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular wall thickness were assessed.

The Ccr4-not protein complex regulates the phase of the Neurospora circadian clock by controlling white collar protein stability and activity.

In the Neurospora circadian negative feedback loop, white collar 1 (WC-1) and WC-2 form the WC complex that activates frequency (frq) transcription. Here we show that Not1 is a WC-interacting protein and is important for maintaining WC levels. The not1 transcript displays a circadian oscillation with a similar phase as frq.

Cleavage of bleomycin hydrolase by caspase-3 during apoptosis.

Bleomycin hydrolase (BLH) affects bleomycin chemotherapy through inactivation of bleomycin with deamination. As a neutral cysteine protease, it also plays various roles in physiological conditions and diseases. However, its mechanism of degradation remains unclear.

Action of bleomycin is affected by bleomycin hydrolase but not by caveolin-1.

Bleomycin is a first-line clinically used antitumor antibiotic for effective treatment of certain types of cancer in combination with other antitumor agents. Its action is affected by bleomycin hydrolase (BLH), DNA repair enzymes, membrane transport proteins and other cellular factors. To clarify whether BLH confers the resistance to bleomycin in tumor cells, it is necessary to further investigate the roles of BLH and its combination with other factors such as caveolin-1 in the action of bleomycin.

Hepatoprotection of berberine against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis by upregulation of Sirtuin 1.

Berberine (BBR) has been suggested to be a hepatoprotective agent for oxidative-stress-related liver diseases because of its antioxidant activity. However, the antioxidant mechanisms of BBR are still not fully understood. In the present study, the protective effect of BBR was evaluated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in hepatic cell line L02.