Black phosphorus quantum dots induced neurotoxicity, intestinal microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis in zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The potential toxicity of BPQDs has received considerable attention due to their increasing use in biomedical applications. In this study, the toxicity of BPQDs at concentrations of 5 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, and 500 μg/mL on the brain-gut axis was assessed in zebrafish. Following 35 days of exposure, the neurotransmitter, locomotor behavior, gut barrier (physical barrier, chemical barrier, and microbial barrier), and gut content metabolism in zebrafish were evaluated.

PvMR1, a novel C-type lectin plays a crucial role in the antibacterial immune response of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei.

C-type lectins (CTLs) are important immune molecules in innate immune, which participate in non-self recognition and clearance of pathogens. Here, a new CTL with two distinct C-type lectin domains (CTLDs) from Pacific white shrimp Penaeus vannamei, designated as PvMR1 was identified. The obtained PvMR1 coding sequence (CDS) was 1044 bp long encoding a protein with 347 amino acids.

Developmental toxicity of black phosphorus quantum dots in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.

Nanomaterials have attracted much attention in the biomedical field. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have shown great potential in biomedical applications, but their potential risks to biosafety and environmental stability have not been fully evaluated. In the present study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 0, 2.

Transcriptome analysis of immune-related gene expression in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio var.) after challenge with Flavobacterium columnare.

Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an economically-important freshwater fish. It is the common host of the epizootic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, a common fish pathogen that causes columnaris disease resulting in aquacultural losses. However, information on the functions and mechanisms of the immune system of Yellow River carp infected with F.

Toxicity of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid alone and in combination with cyhalofop-butyl to Cyprinus carpio embryos.

Herbicides may pose considerable danger to non-target aquatic organisms and further threaten human health. The present investigation was aimed to assess the effects of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA-Na) on Cyprinus carpio embryos. Embryos were exposed to six concentrations of MCPA-Na (0, 52, 54, 56, 58 and 60 mg/L) for 96 h.

Progesterone affects the transcription of genes in the circadian rhythm signaling and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes and changes the sex ratio in crucian carp (Carassius auratus).

Progesterone (P4) is an extensively applied progestin in human and veterinary medicine that has been widely detected in ambient aquatic environments, which can be detrimental to the health of aquatic organisms. Here we investigate the long-term effects of P4 on the transcription of genes related to the circadian rhythm signaling pathway and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in the crucian carp, which may have a potentially negative on endocrine-disrupting and sex differentiation impacts. Our results suggest that the expression of genes associated with the circadian rhythm signaling pathway are altered following exposure for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 d, leading to disorders in the endocrine system disorders and the regulation of HPG axes-related gene expression.

Toxic effects of dechlorane plus on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) embryonic development.

Dechlorane Plus (DP) is a widely used chlorinated flame retardant, which has been extensively detected in the environment. Although DP content in the surface water is low, it can pose a continuous exposure risk to aquatic organisms due to its strong bioaccumulation. Considering that the related studies on the toxicity mechanism of DP exposure are limited, the effect of DP on carp embryo development was evaluated.

Effects of short-time exposure to atrazine on miRNA expression profiles in the gonad of common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Background: Atrazine is widely used in agriculture and is a known endocrine disrupting chemical. Atrazine can seep into the water body through surface, posing a potential threat to the aquatic ecological environment and human drinking water source. In vertebrate, studies have shown that it can affect reproduction and development seriously, but its molecular mechanism for aquatic animals is unknown.

Progesterone affects sex differentiation and alters transcriptional of genes along circadian rhythm signaling and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes in juvenile Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio var.).

Progesterone (P4) is a biologically active steroid hormone that is involved in the regulation of oocyte growth and maturation, as well as development of the endometrium and implantation in the uterus of humans. It can also stimulate oocyte maturation in female fish, as well as spermatogenesis and sperm motility in male fish. Thus, P4 has been extensively used in human and animal husbandry as a typical progestin.

Selection of suitable candidate genes for miRNA expression normalization in Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus carpio. var).

Yellow River carp is widely cultivated in the world due to its economic value in aquaculture, and the faster growth of females compared to males. It is believed that microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in gonadal differentiation and development. qPCR is the most preferred method for miRNA functional analysis.

Toxicity of imidazoles ionic liquid [Cmim]Cl to Hela cells.

Our study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Cmin]Cl) on the human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells. We evaluated toxicity, cell viability, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related gene expression in Hela cells following exposure to [Cmin]Cl. The results indicated that [Cmin]Cl inhibited the growth of Hela cells, decreased cell viability, induced DNA damage and apoptosis, inhibited superoxide dismutase, decreased glutathione content, as well as increased the cellular malondialdehyde level of Hela cells.

Identification, molecular characterization and analysis of the expression pattern of SoxF subgroup genes the Yellow River carp, Cyprinus carpio.

Sox7, Sox17 and Sox18 are the members of the Sry-related high-mobility group box family (SoxF) of transcription factors. SoxF factors regulate endothelial cell fate as well as development and differentiation of blood cells and lymphatic vessels. There is very less information about the functions of these genes in fish.

Identification of housekeeping genes as references for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a well-known method to quantify gene expression by comparing with the reference genes. Generally, housekeeping genes were set as references, as for their stable expression in varying conditions. Here, we try to evaluate few of such genes to identify suitable housekeeping genes as references for qRT-PCR analysis of gene expression in Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.

Identification of suh gene and evidence for involvement of notch signaling pathway on gonadal differentiation of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio).

The suh gene is crucial in Notch pathway and regulates mammalian gonad development. In this study, the sequences of suh1 and suh2 genes in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) were verified. The partial 5'-flanking regions of suh1 and suh2 were analyzed and several potential transcription factor-binding sites were identified.

Transcriptome analysis of three critical periods of ovarian development in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Ovary development is a complex process involving numerous genes; the molecular mechanism underlying the ovary development of carp is still unknown. Here we used Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 to explore the transcriptome of undifferentiated gland (PG), juvenile ovary (OJ) and adult ovary (OA) of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio). A total of 58,749 unigenes were obtained, comprising 45,707 known genes and 13,042 new genes.

Identification of differentially-expressed genes in early developmental ovary of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio var) using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization.

Ovary development appears to be under polygenic control, and is influenced by multiple genetic factors that may vary from organism to organism. To gain a better insight into the molecular mechanisms of carp ovary development, Suppression Subtractive Hybridization (SSH) DNA libraries in two species of Yellow River carp were analyzed. Primordial gonads and stage II ovaries were used as testers, and adult ovaries as drivers.

Identification and profiling of Cyprinus carpio microRNAs during ovary differentiation by deep sequencing.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting specific mRNAs. However, the possible role of miRNAs in the ovary differentiation and development of fish is not well understood. In this study, we examined the expression profiles and differential expression of miRNAs during three key stages of ovarian development and different developmental stages in common carp Cyprinus carpio.

Oxidative stress, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride on Paramisgurnus dabryanus.

This study evaluated the toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([Cmim]Cl) on Paramisgurnus dabryanus by enzyme analysis, comet assay, and apoptosis analysis. The study showed that [Cmim]Cl had an obvious toxic effect inducing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity to fish liver cells. [Cmim]Cl also induced changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and the glutathione content and malondialdehyde level in fish exposed at 20-80mgL.

Gene expression profile changes induced by acute toxicity of [C mim]Cl in loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus).

Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used as reaction media in various commercial applications. Many reports have indicated that most ILs are poorly decomposed by microorganisms and are toxic to aquatic organisms. In this study, differential gene expression profiling was conducted using a suppression subtraction hybridization cDNA library from hepatic tissue of the loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) after exposure to 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C mim]Cl), a representative IL.

Toxicity of 8-Hydroxyquinoline in Cryprinus carpio Using the Acute Toxicity Test, Hepatase Activity Analysis and the Comet Assay.

To evaluate the environmental toxicity of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HOQ), an important industrial raw material found in China's major ornamental fish, Cryprinus carpio, using the acute toxicity test, hepatase activity analysis and the comet assay. The results indicated that 8-HOQ had significant acute toxicity in adult C. carpio with a 96 h-LC50 of 1.

Genotoxic effects of 8-hydroxylquinoline in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) assessed by the micronucleus test, comet assay and RAPD analysis.

This study was a preliminary step in evaluating the genotoxic effects of 8-hydroxylquinoline (8-HOQ) in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) using the micronucleus, comet and RAPD assays. In the micronucleus test and comet assay, the micronuclei rate (%) and three comet parameters (trailing rate, tail length and tail moment) in treated fish increased with increasing 8-HOQ concentration and treatment time. These results showed that exposure to 8-HOQ significantly induced genetic toxicity in loach blood cells.

Toxicity effect of dichlorvos on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) assessed by micronucleus test, hepatase activity analysis and comet assay.

Pesticides and other chemicals at environmental concentrations often have detrimental effects. Many aquatic species are particularly threatened because of their susceptibility and also because water environment are often polluted. This study preliminarily evaluated the toxicity effect of dichlorvos (DDVP) on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) using the methods of micronucleus (MN) test, hepatase activity and comet assay.

Molecular cloning and mRNA expression pattern of Sox10 in Paramisgurnus dabryanus.

A number of genetic studies have established that Sox10 involved in a wide range of developmental processes including sex differentiation and neurogenesis in vertebrates. A Sox10 homologue was cloned from brain of Paramisgurnus dabryanus by using homologous cloning and RACE method, designated as PdSox10. The full-length cDNA of PdSox10 contains a 312 bp 5' UTR, a 1,476 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 492 amino acids and a 262 bp 3' UTR (Accession no.

Isolation and expression of two distinct Sox8 genes in mudloach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus).

To investigate the function and evolutionary origin of the SOXE subgroup, we amplified the genomic DNA of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus using a pair of degenerate primers. Using RACE, we obtained two versions of Sox8 (MaSox8a and MaSox8b) from M. anguillicaudatus.