High Carbonyl Graphene Oxide Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration by Inducing Ferroptosis via the System Xc-/GSH/GPX4 Axis.

Background/objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by a high rate of both incidence and mortality, and its treatment outcomes are often affected by recurrence and drug resistance. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death mechanism triggered by lipid peroxidation, has recently gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Graphene oxide (GO), known for its oxygen-containing functional groups, biocompatibility, and potential for functionalization, holds promise in cancer treatment.

Solar-Driven Sulfide Oxidation Paired With CO Reduction Based on Vacancies Engineering of Copper Selenide.

Photovoltaic-driven electrochemical (PV-EC) carbon dioxide reduction (COR) coupled with sulfide oxidation (SOR) can efficiently convert the solar energy into chemical energy, expanding its applications. However, developing low-cost electrocatalysts that exhibit high selectivity and efficiency for both COR and SOR remains a challenge. Herein, a bifunctional copper selenide catalyst is developed with copper vacancies (v-CuSe) for the COR-SOR.

Changes in short-chain fatty acids affect brain development in mice with early life antibiotic-induced dysbacteriosis.

Background: Early enteral nutrition and the gut microbiota profoundly influence neonatal brain development, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from the microbiota playing a pivotal role. Understanding the relationship between dysbiosis, SCFAs, and brain development is crucial. In this study, we investigated the impact of antibiotics on the concentration of SCFAs in neonatal feces.

The impact of long-term (≥5 years) cholecystectomy on gut microbiota changes and its influence on colorectal cancer risk: based on 16S rDNA sequencing analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major global health concern. Recent advances in molecular biology have highlighted the gut microbiota's role in CRC. This study investigates long-term (≥5 years) gut microbiota changes in patients postcholecystectomy, comparing them with CRC patients and healthy controls to assess their impact on CRC development.

Photochemical evolution of the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved brown carbon from wood smoldering.

Recently, extreme wildfires occur frequently around the world and emit substantial brown carbon (BrC) into the atmosphere, whereas the molecular compositions and photochemical evolution of BrC remain poorly understood. In this work, primary smoke aerosols were generated from wood smoldering, and secondary smoke aerosols were formed by the OH radical photooxidation in an oxidation flow reactor, where both primary and secondary smoke samples were collected on filters. After solvent extraction of filter samples, the molecular composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS).

Astaxanthin protected against the adverse effects induced by diesel exhaust particulate matter via improving membrane stability and anti-oxidative property.

Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DPM), which has been clarified as a Group I carcinogenic agent, is still challenging in its detoxification due to the complex composition and toxic mechanisms. Astaxanthin (AST) is a pleiotropic small biological molecule widely used in medical and healthcare with surprising effects and applications. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of AST on DPM-induced injury and the underlying mechanism.

Integrating linkage mapping and comparative transcriptome analysis for discovering candidate genes associated with salt tolerance in rice.

Salinity is one of the most widespread abiotic stresses affecting rice productivity worldwide. Understanding the genetic basis of salt tolerance is key for breeding salt-tolerant rice varieties. Numerous QTLs have been identified to help dissect rice salt-tolerance genetic mechanisms, yet only rare genes located in significant QTLs have been thoroughly studied or fine-mapped.

Effect of photooxidation on size distribution, light absorption, and molecular compositions of smoke particles from rice straw combustion.

Organic aerosol (OA) emitted from biomass burning (BB) impacts air quality and global radiation balance. However, the comprehensive characterization of OA remains poorly understood because of the complex evolutionary behavior of OA in atmospheric processes. In this work, smoke particles were generated from rice straw combustion.

Optical properties of soot aggregates with different monomer shapes.

The monomer of soot fractal aggregate is usually considered to be sphere, but the monomer shapes are cube and hexagon by some transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. In this paper, the fractal soot models of different monomer shapes (sphere, cube, ellipsoid, hexagonal prism) were established. And the optical properties of models are calculated by discrete dipole approximation (DDA).

Trace gas emissions from laboratory combustion of leaves typically consumed in forest fires in Southwest China.

Forest fires are becoming increasingly severe and frequent due to global climate change. Trace gases emitted from forest fires significantly affect atmospheric chemistry and climate change on a regional and global scale. Forest fires occur frequently in Southwest China, but systematic studies on trace gas emissions from forest fires in Southwest China are rare.

Laboratory investigation of pollutant emissions and PM toxicity of underground coal fires.

Widespread underground coal fires (UCFs) release large amounts of pollutants, thus leading to air pollution and health impacts. However, this topic has not been widely investigated, especially regarding the potential health hazards. We quantified the pollutant emissions and analyzed the physicochemical properties of UCF PM in a laboratory study of coal smoldering under a simulated UCF background.

Efficient and stable noble-metal-free catalyst for acidic water oxidation.

Developing non-noble catalysts with superior activity and durability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media is paramount for hydrogen production from water. Still, challenges remain due to the inadequate activity and stability of the OER catalyst. Here, we report a cost-effective and stable manganese oxybromide (MnOBr) catalyst exhibiting an excellent OER activity in acidic electrolytes, with an overpotential of as low as 295 ± 5 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm.

[Wildfire smoke injection heights in China based on multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) observations].

Smoke injection height is a key driving factor for plume transport, which determines the lifetime of smoke aerosol in the atmosphere, transport path and diffusion along with the wind, and impacts on atmospheric environment. In this study, raw data obtained from the latest multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) plume height project was extracted and analzyed. The variation of smoke injection heights of wildfire in China was investigated with statistical analysis methods.

Light absorption properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble and methanol-soluble organic carbon emitted from wood pyrolysis and combustion.

Organic carbon (OC) emitted from biomass burning (BB) plays an important role in the global radiation budget. In this work, primary OC emitted from wood pyrolysis and combustion under nitrogen (N) and air conditions in a tube furnace was investigated. The absorption spectra, chemical functional groups, and molecular compositions of OC were analyzed using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively.

Experimental Study on the Thermoplastic Dripping and Flame Spread Behaviors of Energized Electrical Wire under Reduced Atmospheric Pressure.

Flame spread over wire surface is different from other solid fires as it is usually accompanied by melting and dripping processes. Although the related behaviors at reduced pressure (20-100 kPa) are significant to those fire risk evaluations, very few studies have been undertaken on this matter. Therefore, the thermoplastic dripping and flame spread behaviors of energized polyethylene insulated copper wires were investigated experimentally at reduced pressure.

Selective electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene on a copper hydroxide nitrate nanostructure electrode.

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2 RR) is a promising technology to convert CO2 into valuable carbon-based fuels and chemicals. Copper (Cu) is a unique catalyst for this reaction as it yields substantial hydrocarbon products, but still suffers from low selectivity in aqueous solution. Here, we present a nanostructure Cu@Cu2(OH)3NO3 electrode using a facile molten salt decomposition method (MSDM).

Inhibition of inhaled halloysite nanotube toxicity by trehalose through enhanced autophagic clearance of p62.

Nanomaterials are widely used in an ever-increasing number of consumer and industrial products. It is therefore essential that the toxic effects of nanomaterials are understood in order to improve product safety. Here we evaluate the toxicity of inhaled halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) by applying a purpose designed inhalation exposure system and succeed in suppressing HNTs toxicity using trehalose.

Sensitivity analysis of morphology on radiative properties of soot aerosols.

Absorption cross section (Cabs), scattering cross section (Csca) and asymmetry parameter (ASY) of soot particles in different atmospheric aging status were investigated under fixed equivalent volume radius (RV) using the numerically exact multiple-sphere T-matrix method. The radiative properties of soot particles would be largely diverse in different aging status even RV is fixed. However, there are many insensitive parameters under different aging status.

Origin of Photovoltage Enhancement via Interfacial Modification with Silver Nanoparticles Embedded in an a-SiC:H p-Type Layer in a-Si:H Solar Cells.

We used silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) embedded in the p-type semiconductor layer of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells in the Schottky barrier contact design to modify the interface between aluminum-doped ZnO (ZnO:Al, AZO) and p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (p-a-SiC:H) without plasmonic absorption. The high work function of the Ag-NPs provided a good channel for the transport of photogenerated holes. A p-type nanocrystalline SiC:H layer was used to compensate for the real surface defects and voids on the surface of Ag-NPs to reduce recombination at the AZO/p-type layer interface, which then enhanced the photovoltage of single-junction a-Si:H solar cells to values as high as 1.