The Value of LC-MS/MS in Apparent Bilateral Aldosterone Suppression in Adrenal Venous Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism.

Context: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is recommended for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA), however, it is unreliable when apparent bilateral aldosterone suppression (ABAS) occurs, defined as aldosterone/cortisol ratio in the adrenal vein being bilaterally lower than that in the inferior vena cava. The value of Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in PA subtyping when ABAS occurs is unclear.

Objective: To determine whether LC-MS/MS can reduce the occurrence of ABAS and misdiagnosis of PA subtyping.

A Concise Synthesis of ()-Hydroxynorketamine.

A concise synthesis of ()-hydroxynorketamine was accomplished in eight steps, starting from commercially available materials. This synthesis features a cerium chloride-enhanced Stork-Danheiser reaction, an asymmetric reduction of ketone by the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reaction, a signature Overman rearrangement, and a facial selective dihydroxylation of an electronically deficient olefin by RuCl/NaIO. The overall yield is 7.

Depicting Primate-Like Granular Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in the Chinese Tree Shrew.

It remains unknown whether the Chinese tree shrew, regarded as the closest sister of primate, has evolved a dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) comparable with primates that is characterized by a fourth layer (L4) enriched with granular cells and reciprocal connections with the mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Here, we reported that following AAV-hSyn-EGFP expression in the MD neurons, the fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography revealed their projection trajectories and targeted brain areas, such as the hippocampus, the corpus striatum, and the dlPFC. Cre-dependent transsynaptic viral tracing identified the MD projection terminals that targeted the L4 of the dlPFC, in which the presence of granular cells was confirmed via cytoarchitectural studies by using the Nissl, Golgi, and vGlut2 stainings.

Pd-Catalyzed 1,4-Difluoromethylative Functionalization of 1,3-Dienes Using Freon-22.

We report a visible-light-driven, palladium-catalyzed 1,4-difluoromethylative functionalization of conjugated dienes using chlorodifluoromethane (ClCFH, Freon-22) as a cost-effective difluoromethyl source. The excited palladium catalyst efficiently reduces the C-Cl bond, which generates a CFH radical, followed by regioselective S2' substitution to afford 1,4-difunctionalized products. This versatile, redox-neutral method accommodates diverse nucleophiles and exhibits broad functional group compatibility, making it suitable for late-stage functionalization in drug discovery and offering a direct route to difluoromethylated molecules.

Hippocampal dipeptidyl peptidase 9 bidirectionally regulates memory associated with synaptic plasticity.

Introduction: Subtypes of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) family, such as DPP4, are reportedly associated with memory impairment. DPP9 is widely distributed in cells throughout the body, including the brain. However, whether DPP9 regulates memory has not yet been elucidated.

Research progress of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like signaling in Toxoplasma gondii.

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), is prevalent worldwide. The fact should be emphasized that a considerable proportion of individuals infected with T.

Selective 1,4-syn-Addition to Cyclic 1,3-Dienes via Hybrid Palladium Catalysis.

1,4-cis-Disubstituted cyclic compounds play a pivotal role in pharmaceutical development, offering enhanced potency and bioavailability. However, their stereoselective and modular synthesis remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we report an innovative strategy for accessing these structures via mild conditions employing cyclic 1,3-dienes/alkyl(aryl)halides and amines.

YjgA plays dual roles in enhancing PTC maturation.

Ribosome biogenesis is a highly regulated cellular process that involves the control of numerous assembly factors. The small protein YjgA has been reported to play a role in the late stages of 50S assembly. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying its function remains unclear.

Hybrid Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Carboamination of Conjugated Dienes: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidines via Selective Trifluoromethylarene Defluorination.

The incorporation of difluoromethylene groups into aza-heterocycles represents a compelling yet underexplored avenue in contemporary chemical research. In this study, we unveil a hybrid palladium-catalyzed intramolecular gem-difluoroalkylamination of conjugated dienes, providing a versatile approach to the synthesis of diverse functionalized pyrrolidines. Noteworthy features include mild reaction conditions and a remarkable tolerance toward various functional groups.

A multimodal therapy for infected diabetic wounds based on glucose-responsive nanocomposite-integrated microneedles.

Diabetic wounds in a state of high glucose are refractory to treatment and healing, especially if they are infected with bacteria. Herein, a novel nanocomposite (CIP/GOx@ZIF-8) was synthesized by loading ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) into zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) that exhibited good glucose sensitivity and catalytic activity. The high glucose in diabetic wounds could be decomposed into hydrogen peroxide (HO) and gluconic acid the catalysis of GOx, which further destroyed CIP/GOx@ZIF-8 to release Zn and cargos.

growth of self-supported CuO nanorods from Cu-MOFs for glucose sensing and elucidation of the sensing mechanism.

Herein, we present a simple and mild method to prepare CuO nanostructures for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. A Cu-metal organic framework (Cu-MOF) precursor was first directly grown on a pencil lead electrode with 3D graphene-like surfaces (EPLE) and then transformed into CuO nanorods. The CuO nanorod-modified EPLE (CuO/EPLE) shows high sensitivity (1138.

The claustrum-prelimbic cortex circuit through dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor signaling underlies depression-like behaviors associated with social stress etiology.

Ample evidence has suggested the stress etiology of depression, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood yet. Here, we report that chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) attenuates the excitatory output of the claustrum (CLA) to the prelimbic cortex (PL) through the dynorphin/κ-opioid receptor (KOR) signaling, being critical for depression-related behaviors in male mice. The CSDS preferentially impairs the excitatory output from the CLA onto the parvalbumin (PV) of the PL, leading to PL micronetwork dysfunction by disinhibiting pyramidal neurons (PNs).

Collagen-Based Dissolving Microneedles with Flexible Pedestals: A Transdermal Delivery System for Both Anti-Aging and Skin Diseases.

Biocompatible polymer microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a promising platform for transdermal drug delivery, especially for facial treatments. Therefore, an MN patch in this study uses hydrolyzed collagen (HC) contained in skin cells as the main raw material and adopts a two-step cast method to develop a rapidly dissolving microneedle (DMN) to deliver collagen in a simple and minimally invasive way, allowing the release of the encapsulated drug in the skin. By optimizing the formulation and proportion of HC and auxiliary support materials, the mechanical strength required to pierce the skin is obtained, while the soft pedestal allows for flexibility in application.

Enhancing photocatalytic antibiotics mineralization and water oxidation via constructing interfacial electric field in plate-on-plate BiOCl/WO photocatalysts.

Two-dimensional materials and related plate-on-plate interfacial heterostructures offer great flexibility for integrating different atomic layers, providing an attractive scheme for the construction of built-in electric fields in photocatalysts. Here, we developed an interfacial engineering strategy to construct well-interfaced plate-on-plate BiOCl/WO heterojunctions for general enhanced photocatalytic oxidation reactions. BiOCl/WO heterojunctions exhibited significant enhancements in oxygen evolution and antibiotic degradation, with a rate of 9.

A novel polymorphism influences gene expression, therapeutic response and epilepsy risk: A multicenter study.

Background: Genetic factors have been found to be associated with the efficacy and adverse reactions of antiseizure medications. is an important regulator of the development of neuronal networks. However, the role of in epilepsy remains unclear.

High Morphine Use Disorder Susceptibility Is Predicted by Impaired Learning Ability in Mice.

An obvious reason for substance uses disorders (SUDs) is drug craving and seeking behavior induced by conditioned context, which is an abnormal solid context memory. The relationship between susceptibility to SUD and learning ability remains unclear in humans and animal models. In this study, we found that susceptibility to morphine use disorder (MUD) was negatively correlated with learning ability in conditioned place preference (CPP) in C57 mice.

Early Memory Impairment is Accompanied by Changes in GluA1/ p-GluA1 in APP/PS1 Mice.

Aims: Exploring the neurobiological mechanisms of early AD damage.

Background: The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a very important impact on the prognosis of AD. However, the early symptoms of AD are not obvious and difficult to diagnose.

DNA ligase IV dificiency with elevated serum IgG levels suspected to have myelodysplastic syndrome: a case report.

Background: Ligase IV (LIG4) dificiency is a very rare clinical syndrome with around 50 cases reported to date. This syndrome is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the LIG4 gene, which cause DNA damage repair disorders, mainly manifesting as severe immunodeficiency.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 15-month-old male child with pancytopenia, growth retardation, microcephaly, history of vaccine-related rubella, elevated immunoglobulin G, and decreased T- and B lymphocytes.

Melanopsin retinal ganglion cells mediate light-promoted brain development.

During development, melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) become light sensitive much earlier than rods and cones. IpRGCs project to many subcortical areas, whereas physiological functions of these projections are yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we found that ipRGC-mediated light sensation promotes synaptogenesis of pyramidal neurons in various cortices and the hippocampus.

Time of Day-Dependent Alteration of Hippocampal Rac1 Activation Regulates Contextual Fear Memory in Rats.

Fear memory in species varies according to the time of the day. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively explored, they remain largely unknown. Here, we report that hippocampal Rac1 activity undergoes a time of day-dependent alteration both in nocturnal rats and diurnal tree shrews and that training at the lower hippocampal Rac1 activation period during the night leads to better contextual fear memory in rats.

Systematic identification of the lysine lactylation in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

Background: Lysine lactylation (Kla) is a novelposttranslational modification (PTM) identified in histone and nonhistone proteins of several eukaryotic cells that directly activates gene expression and DNA replication. However, very little is known about the scope and cellular distribution of Kla in apicomplexan parasites despite its significance in public and animal health care.

Methods: Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that can infect different nucleated cell types of animals and humans.

Retrosplenial Cortex Effects Contextual Fear Formation Relying on Dysgranular Constituent in Rats.

Animal contextual fear conditioning (CFC) models are the most-studied forms used to explore the neural substances of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition to the well-recognized hippocampal-amygdalar system, the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is getting more and more attention due to substantial involvement in CFC, but with a poor understanding of the specific roles of its two major constituents-dysgranular (RSCd) and granular (RSCg). The current study sought to identify their roles and underlying brain network mechanisms during the encoding processing of the rat CFC model.