Identification and validation of a major QTL, QFhb-6AL, for Fusarium head blight resistance on chromosome 6AL in wheat.

A novel major QTL, QFhb-6AL, accounting for 34.6% phenotypic variation for FHB resistance, was identified in the Chinese cultivar Xunong 029, and a near-diagnostic marker was developed for marker-assisted selection. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.

The TaCLE24b peptide signaling cascade modulates lateral root development and drought tolerance in wheat.

Plant peptide hormones play an important role in regulating root development and stress responses. Here, we identify a root-derived CLAVATA3/Endosperm surrounding region-related (CLE) peptide TaCLE24b and its leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase CLAVATA1 (CLV1) TaCLV1, which together regulate the formation of lateral root primordium and the outgrowth of lateral root in wheat. Additionally, a loss-of-function mutation of TaSG-D1, encoding a Ser/Thr protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (STKc_GSK3), also enhances the formation of lateral root primordium and the outgrowth of lateral roots in wheat.

The Transcription Factor WFZP Interacts with the Chromatin Remodeler TaSYD to Regulate Root Architecture and Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency in Wheat.

The root architecture is crucial for the robust growth and nutrient absorption in cereals. However, it is urgent to identify the factors that simultaneously optimize root architecture and nutrient utilization in wheat. In this study, a beneficial role of the class II AP2/ERF transcription factor WHEAT FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) on lateral root number (LRN), root length (RL), and nitrogen utilization is revealed.

Lysine deacetylase TaSRT1 mediates wheat drought tolerance by deacetylating TaDT-A to reduce its protein stability and transcriptional activity.

Drought is one of the major environmental stresses limiting crop growth and yield. Epigenetic regulations play crucial roles in plant adaptation to environmental changes, whereas the epigenetic mechanism of drought resistance in crops remains largely elusive. Here, we report that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase TaSRT1 negatively regulates drought tolerance in wheat.

TaTCP6 is required for efficient and balanced utilization of nitrate and phosphorus in wheat.

High crop yields require adequate nutrients, particularly nitrate (N) and phosphorus (P). Identifying regulators for efficient N-P utilization is critical in wheat. To explore N-P interactions, we analyze root transcriptomes under varying N-P supplies and identify TaTCP6 as a potential regulator.

Decoupling the pleiotropic effects of VRT-A2 during reproductive development enhances wheat grain length and weight.

VEGETATIVE TO REPRODUCTIVE TRANSITION 2 (VRT-A2) is a subspecies-forming gene that confers the long-glume and large-grain traits of tetraploid Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum; AABB) and hexaploid Xinjiang rice wheat (T. petropavlovskyi; AABBDD). Transcriptional activation of VRT-A2 due to a natural sequence variation in its Intron-1 region significantly enhances grain weight but also causes some basal spikelets to fail to completely develop, thus decreasing grain number per spike and yield.

Near-complete assembly and comprehensive annotation of the wheat Chinese Spring genome.

A complete reference genome assembly is crucial for biological research and genetic improvement. Owing to its large size and highly repetitive nature, there are numerous gaps in the globally used wheat Chinese Spring (CS) genome assembly. In this study, we generated a 14.

Mapping and validation of QTkw.cau-3DL, a major QTL controlling thousand-kernel weight in wheat.

A novel major QTL, QTkw.cau-3DL, for thousand-kernel weight has been identified on the wheat chromosome arm 3DL and enhances grain yield by 6.2% under field conditions.

Precise deletion, replacement and inversion of large DNA fragments in plants using dual prime editing.

Precise manipulation of genome structural variations holds great potential for plant trait improvement and biological research. Here we present a genome-editing approach, dual prime editing (DualPE), that efficiently facilitates precise deletion, replacement and inversion of large DNA fragments in plants. In our experiments, DualPE enabled the production of specific genomic deletions ranging from ~500 bp to 2 Mb in wheat protoplasts and plants.

Cross-Shaped Heat Tensor Network for Morphometric Analysis Using Zebrafish Larvae Feature Keypoints.

Deep learning-based morphometric analysis of zebrafish is widely utilized for non-destructively identifying abnormalities and diagnosing diseases. However, obtaining discriminative and continuous organ category decision boundaries poses a significant challenge by directly observing zebrafish larvae from the outside. To address this issue, this study simplifies the organ areas to polygons and focuses solely on the endpoint positioning.

Wheat2035: Integrating pan-omics and advanced biotechnology for future wheat design.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is vital for global food security, providing energy and protein to millions of people worldwide. Recent advancements in wheat research have led to significant increases in production, fueled by technological and scientific innovation. Here, we summarize the major advancements in wheat research, particularly the integration of biotechnologies and a deeper understanding of wheat biology.

TaDL interacts with TaB3 and TaNF-YB1 to synergistically regulate the starch synthesis and grain quality in bread wheat.

Starch biosynthesis is a critical factor in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality and yield. However, the full scope of its regulation is not fully understood.

Natural variation in TaERF-A1 confers semi-dwarf and lodging-resistant plant architecture in wheat.

The introduction of Reduced height (Rht) genes into wheat varieties has been pivotal in developing semi-dwarf plant architectures, significantly improving lodging resistance and harvest indices. Therefore, identifying new Rht gene resources for breeding semi-dwarf wheat cultivars has been a key strategy for ensuring high and stable grain yields since the 1960s. In this study, we report the map-based cloning of TaERF-A1, which encodes an AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor) transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of wheat stem elongation, as a novel gene that regulates plant height and spike length.

Partial unidirectional translocation from 5AL to 7BS leads to dense spike in an EMS-induced wheat mutant.

Background: As the inflorescence of wheat, spike architecture largely determines grain productivity. Dissecting the genetic basis for the spike morphology of wheat can contribute to the designation of ideal spike morphology to improve grain production.

Results: The present study characterizes a dense spike1 (ds1) mutant, derived from Nongda3753, induced by EMS treatment, which exhibits a dense spike and reduced plant height.

On the evolution and genetic diversity of the bread wheat D genome.

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) became a globally dominant crop after incorporating the D genome from the donor species Aegilops tauschii, but the evolutionary history that shaped the D genome during this process remains to be clarified. Here, we propose a renewed evolutionary model linking Ae. tauschii and the hexaploid wheat D genome by constructing an ancestral haplotype map covering 762 Ae.

The TaWAK2-TaNAL1-TaDST pathway regulates leaf width via cytokinin signaling in wheat.

Leaves play a crucial role in photosynthesis and respiration, ultimately affecting the final grain yield of crops, including wheat ( L.); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat leaf development remain largely unknown. Here, we isolated a narrow-leaf gene, , through a map-based cloning strategy.

Fine-mapping of LrN3B on wheat chromosome arm 3BS, one of the two complementary genes for adult-plant leaf rust resistance.

The common wheat line 4N0461 showed adult-plant resistance to leaf rust. 4N0461 was crossed with susceptible cultivars Nongda4503 and Shi4185 to map the causal resistance gene(s). Segregation of leaf rust response in F populations from both crosses was 9 resistant:7 susceptible, indicative of two complementary dominant resistance genes.

Grain albumin content is affected by 1BL/1RS translocation and alters the processing quality of wheat ( L.).

Grain albumin is highly nutritious and closely related to the processing quality of wheat. However, few studies have explored the grain albumin content (GAC) in wheat. This study aims to uncover quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to wheat GAC by analyzing a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from common wheat cultivars ShanNong23 and ZhouMai17.

Tagging large CNV blocks in wheat boosts digitalization of germplasm resources by ultra-low-coverage sequencing.

Background: The massive structural variations and frequent introgression highly contribute to the genetic diversity of wheat, while the huge and complex genome of polyploid wheat hinders efficient genotyping of abundant varieties towards accurate identification, management, and exploitation of germplasm resources.

Results: We develop a novel workflow that identifies 1240 high-quality large copy number variation blocks (CNVb) in wheat at the pan-genome level, demonstrating that CNVb can serve as an ideal DNA fingerprinting marker for discriminating massive varieties, with the accuracy validated by PCR assay. We then construct a digitalized genotyping CNVb map across 1599 global wheat accessions.

A k-mer-based pangenome approach for cataloging seed-storage-protein genes in wheat to facilitate genotype-to-phenotype prediction and improvement of end-use quality.

Wheat is a staple food for more than 35% of the world's population, with wheat flour used to make hundreds of baked goods. Superior end-use quality is a major breeding target; however, improving it is especially time-consuming and expensive. Furthermore, genes encoding seed-storage proteins (SSPs) form multi-gene families and are repetitive, with gaps commonplace in several genome assemblies.

Treatment of a Patient with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia with Multiple Isolated Relapses in the Central Nervous System: A Case Report and Mini-Review of the Literature.

The efficacy of therapeutics for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has exhibited an increase in recent years. Only a few patients experience relapse, including extramedullary relapse, and in patients with extramedullary relapse, the central nervous system (CNS) is the most common site. To date, there is no expert consensus or clinical guidelines available for CNS relapse, at least to the best of our knowledge.