Diameter thresholds for pure ground-glass pulmonary nodules at low-dose CT screening: Chinese experience.

Background: Limited research exists on screening thresholds for low-dose CT in detecting malignant pure ground-glass lung nodules (pGGNs) in the Chinese population.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Guangzhou Lung-Care programme was conducted, retrieving average transverse diameter, location, histopathology, frequency and follow-up intervals. Diagnostic performances for 'lung cancers' were evaluated using areas under the curve (AUCs), decision curve analysis (DCA), sensitivities and specificities, with thresholds ranging from 5 mm to 10 mm.

The efficacy of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.

Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is effective in treating resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but shows different responses in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). Current studies are limited in size, necessitating further research to clarify these differences. This study aims to investigate whether there is a difference between the efficacy of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on lung SCC ADC.

Exposure-lag response of surface net solar radiation on lung cancer incidence: a global time-series analysis.

Background: Recently, the impact of solar radiation (RAD) on diseases worldwide has garnered growing attention. However, the association between RAD and lung cancer remains largely unknow and no consensus has been reached. The aim of this study was to investigate the lag exposure-response of RAD on lung cancer and provide robust scientific evidence for updating prevention and treatment strategies of lung cancer.

Gut microbiome pattern impacts treatment response in primary biliary cholangitis.

Background: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune liver disease. An inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) poses a high risk of progression toward end-stage liver disease. Gut dysbiosis has been implicated in PBC.

Light at night and lung cancer risk: A worldwide interdisciplinary and time-series study.

Background: Light at night (LAN) has become a concern in interdisciplinary research in recent years. This global interdisciplinary study aimed to explore the exposure-lag-response association between LAN exposure and lung cancer incidence.

Methods: LAN data were obtained from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System.

Epidemiologic and genetic associations between primary biliary cholangitis and extrahepatic rheumatic diseases.

Patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) commonly experience extrahepatic rheumatic diseases. However, the epidemiologic and genetic associations as well as causal relationship between PBC and these extrahepatic conditions remain undetermined. In this study, we first conducted systematic review and meta-analyses by analyzing 73 studies comprising 334,963 participants across 17 countries and found strong phenotypic associations between PBC and rheumatic diseases.

Thiostrepton induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in HaCaT cells.

TST has been mainly studied for its anti-tumor proliferation and antimicrobial effects, but not widely used in dermatological diseases. The mechanism of cellular damage by TST in response to HO-mediated oxidative stress was investigated in human skin immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) as an in vitro model. The findings reveal that TST treatment leads to increased oxidative stress in the cells by reducing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT).

Gut Microbiota-Derived Butyrate Induces Epigenetic and Metabolic Reprogramming in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Alleviate Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Background & Aims: Gut dysbiosis and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are implicated in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) pathogenesis. However, it remains unknown whether gut microbiota or their metabolites can modulate MDSCs homeostasis to rectify immune dysregulation in PBC.

Methods: We measured fecal short-chain fatty acids levels using targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and analyzed circulating MDSCs using flow cytometry in 2 independent PBC cohorts.

Pristimerin Exerts Pharmacological Effects Through Multiple Signaling Pathways: A Comprehensive Review.

Pristimerin, a natural triterpenoid isolated from the plants of southern snake vine and Maidenwood in the family Weseraceae, is anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antibacterial, and antiviral substance and has been used for its cardioprotective and antitumor effects and in osteoporosis treatment. These qualities explain Pristimerin's therapeutic effects on different types of tumors and other diseases. More and more studies have shown that pristimerin acts in a wide range of biological activities and has shown great potential in various fields of modern and Chinese medicine.

Osteoporosis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Trans-ethnic Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in many autoimmune diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the most common autoimmune liver disease. Osteoporosis is a major cause of fracture and related mortality. However, it remains unclear whether PBC confers a causally risk-increasing effect on osteoporosis.

Palliation of malignant esophageal stent esophagorespiratory fistula with rigid bronchoscope and Y silicone trachea stent: experience with seven patients.

Background: Malignant esophageal stent esophagorespiratory fistula (ERF) is an abnormal communication between esophagus and airway among advanced tumor patients with indwelling esophageal stent, which is devastating and life-threatening. This study aims to provide a new feasible treatment scheme for malignant esophageal stent ERF and report its potential advantage compared with double stenting, which was recommended by European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Guideline.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical data of malignant esophageal stent ERF patients between January 2018 to May 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and divided them into two groups.

Immunosuppression induces regression of fibrosis in primary biliary cholangitis with moderate-to-severe interface hepatitis.

Background: In patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), the presence of moderate-to-severe interface hepatitis is associated with a higher risk of liver transplantation and death. This highlights the need for novel treatment approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether combination therapy of UDCA and immunosuppressant (IS) was more effective than UDCA monotherapy.

A surgical Decision-making scoring model for spontaneous ventilation- and mechanical ventilation-video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in non-small-cell lung cancer patients.

Backgrounds: Spontaneous ventilation-video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (SV-VATS) has been applied to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in many centers. Since it remains a new and challenging surgical technique, only selected patients can be performed SV-VATS. We aim to conduct a retrospective single-center study to develop a clinical decision-making model to make surgery decision between SV-VATS and MV (mechanical ventilation) -VATS in NSCLC patients more objectively and individually.

A+T rich interaction domain protein 3a (Arid3a) impairs Mertk-mediated efferocytosis in cholestasis.

Background & Aims: Macrophages are key elements in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases. Arid3a plays a prominent role in the biologic properties of hematopoietic stem cells, B lymphocytes and tumor cells, but its ability to modulate macrophage function during cholestasis remains unknown.

Methods: Gene and protein expression and cellular localization were assessed by q-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.

Itaconate inhibits CD103 + T RM cells and alleviates hepatobiliary injury in mouse models of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background And Aims: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic progressive liver disease characterized by the infiltration of intrahepatic tissue-resident memory CD8 + T cells (T RM ). Itaconate has demonstrated therapeutic potential in modulating inflammation. An unmet need for PSC is the reduction of biliary inflammation, and we hypothesized that itaconate may directly modulate pathogenic T RM .

A regulatory variant at 19p13.3 is associated with primary biliary cholangitis risk and ARID3A expression.

Genome-wide association studies have identified 19p13.3 locus associated with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Here we aim to identify causative variant(s) and initiate efforts to define the mechanism by which the 19p13.

P4HA2 induces hepatic ductular reaction and biliary fibrosis in chronic cholestatic liver diseases.

Backgrounds: Prolyl-4-hydroxylases (P4Hs) are key enzymes in collagen synthesis. The P4HA subunit (P4HA1, P4HA2, and P4HA3) contains a substrate binding and catalyzation domain. We postulated that P4HA2 would play a key role in the cholangiocyte pathology of cholestatic liver diseases.

The immunological characteristics of TSPAN1 expressing B cells in autoimmune hepatitis.

Background And Aims: Tetraspanin proteins are closely related to the functional changes of B cells, including antigen presentation, production of cytokines, and transduction. We aim to explore the potential role of Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) in the biological activities of B cells in AIH.

Methods And Results: Herein, this study found that numbers of cells expressing TSPAN1 were significantly increased in AIH patients compared to PBC, chronic hepatitis B, and healthy control (P < 0.

Educational attainment and endometrial cancer: A Mendelian randomization study.

Low educational attainment has been reported as a risk factor for many diseases. However, conclusion on the association between educational attainment and endometrial cancer (EC) are inconsistent in previous observational studies. This study aims to explore the potential causal association between educational attainment and EC.

Role of mitophagy in the neurodegenerative diseases and its pharmacological advances: A review.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of incurable and debilitating diseases characterized by progressive degeneration and death of cells in the central nervous system. They have multiple underlying mechanisms; however, they all share common degenerative features, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. According to recent studies, neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria.

Intrahepatic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule induces CD6CD4 T cell infiltration in autoimmune hepatitis.

Background And Objectives: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by the expansion and accumulation of pathogenic T cells in liver. Although CD6 and its ligand activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) are involved in the evolution of multiple inflammatory diseases, their roles in the pathogenesis of AIH remain unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate ALCAM-CD6 axis in AIH development.

NUDT1 promotes the accumulation and longevity of CD103 T cells in primary biliary cholangitis.

Background & Aims: Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDC)-E2 specific CD8 T cells play a leading role in biliary destruction in PBC. However, there are limited data on the characterization of these autoantigen-specific CD8 T cells, particularly in the liver. Herein, we aimed to identify pathogenic intrahepatic CD8 T-cell subpopulations and investigate their immunobiology in PBC.

Family Socioeconomic Position and Lung Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis and a Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Family socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood is an important factor to predict some chronic diseases. However, the association between family SEP in childhood and the risk of lung cancer is not clear.

Methods: A systematic search was performed to explore their relationship.