The chemometrics analysis and integrated pharmacology approach to decipher the effect and mechanism between raw and processed cistanche tubulosa.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cistanche tubulosa (CT) is the dried fleshy stem with scaly leaves of Cistanche tubiflora (Schenk) Wight, which has the effects of tonifying the kidney-yang, benefiting the vital essence and blood, and moisturizing the intestines and laxatives. There are differences in the activity of CT before and after processing, but the mechanism of processing is not clear.

Aim Of The Study: The study aimed to compare the strength of action of CT before and after yellow-wine processing in the treatment of constipation and kidney yang deficiency and to identify the active ingredients responsible for the differences in activity before and after yellow-wine processing.

Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma processing ameliorates adverse reactions of polygalae radix in zebra fish and rabbit models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polygala tenuifilia Willd (Polygalaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for a long time to treat various illnesses with serious adverse reactions. Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma processing is generally used to reduce the adverse reactions.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of this study was to validate the irritation caused by raw Polygalaceae (RPA), to investigate whether processed Polygalaceae (PGA) was less irritating, and to screen and validate irritant properties of virgaureagenin G (polygala acid, PA), 3,6'-disinapoylsucrose (DSS), Tenuifolia (TEN) and polygalaxanthone III (POL), which had pharmacologically active in Polygalaceae.

Interactive effects of food deprivation state and hypoxia on the respiratory responses of postprandial rock crabs, Cancer irroratus.

Under the background of climate change, increasing attention has focused on the effects of ocean deoxygenation on marine organisms. However, few studies address the effects of different food deprivation states on hypoxia tolerance. We therefore investigated the metabolic responses of the Atlantic rock crab, Cancer irroratus (starved 28-35 days, fasted 3-5 days and recently fed).

A new species of Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Spongicolidae) from the South China Sea.

A new species of the spongicolid genus Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860 is described based on two specimens collected from Shi Island, Xisha Islands, South China Sea. The type specimens were collected within a sponge, representing an unusual habitat for the genus. M.