The gut microbiome in patients with Cushing's disease affects depression- and anxiety-like behavior in mice.

Background: Depression and anxiety significantly impact the quality of life in individuals with Cushing's disease (CD), which originates from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), yet our understanding of the underlying mechanisms is limited. There is substantial evidence linking gut microbes to depression, anxiety, and endocrinology.

Results: The gut bacterial phenotype of patients with Cushing's disease was significantly different from that of the control group, and when the mice were treated with fecal bacteria from these patients, both anxiety- and depression-like behavior were significantly increased.

Clinicopathological and Molecular Profile of Sellar Neurocytoma.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, imaging characteristics and molecular profile of Sellar neurocytoma (SN).

Methods: Clinical, imaging, and pathological features of eleven cases of sellar neurocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. Electron microscopy was performed in five cases.

Phosphorylation of PBK at Thr9 by CDK5 correlates with invasion of prolactinomas.

Context: Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs), and they are invasive to surrounding anatomic structures. The detailed mechanisms of invasion are not yet clear.

Objective: We explored the role of PBK phosphorylation in the proliferation and invasion of prolactinomas and its possible mechanism.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals tumor cell heterogeneity and immune microenvironment features of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Background: Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are one of the most common types of intracranial tumors. Currently, the cellular characteristics of normal pituitary and various other types of PitNETs are still not completely understood.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 4 normal samples and 24 PitNET samples for comprehensive bioinformatics analysis.

Metformin inhibits cell proliferation and ACTH secretion in AtT20 cells via regulating the MAPK pathway.

We investigated the impact of metformin on ACTH secretion and tumorigenesis in pituitary corticotroph tumors. The mouse pituitary tumor AtT20 cell line was treated with varying concentrations of metformin. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay, ACTH secretion was measured using an ELISA kit, changes in the cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expression of related proteins was evaluated using western blotting.

Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium Alloy Joints Bonded by Using Gallium with the Assistance of Ultrasound at Room Temperature.

Although magnesium alloys show potential as structural and functional materials, they are difficult to join using traditional welding methods because of their low melting points and active chemical properties. Their poor weldability impedes their universal application. Ultrasound-assisted transient liquid-phase bonding (U-TLP) is a novel method used for magnesium alloy bonding, but in almost all related studies, a heating device has been required, and the types of solders are limited.

Identification of biomarkers associated with the invasion of nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors based on the immune microenvironment.

Introduction: The invasive behavior of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNEts) affects complete resection and indicates a poor prognosis. Cancer immunotherapy has been experimentally used for the treatment of many tumors, including pituitary tumors. The current study aimed to screen the key immune-related genes in NF-PitNEts with invasion.

The effect of endoscopic transsphenoidal somatotroph tumors resection on pituitary hormones: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Currently, endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery is the main treatment for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Excision of the tumor may have positive or negative effects on pituitary endocrine function, and the pituitary function of somatotroph tumors is a point of particular concern after the operation. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the effect of endoscopic transsphenoidal somatotroph tumor resection on pituitary function.

Polysaccharides from natural attenuated dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice.

As potential candidates for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), polysaccharides have been attracting extensive interest in recent years. () is a kind of traditional Chinese edible food, and its polysaccharide fractions have been found to be effective in regulating immunity and protecting the kidneys. To determine the potential function of polysaccharides from natural on UC, their effects in terms of histological, serological, biochemical, and immunological aspects on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice model were investigated.

Risk factors and management associated with postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak after endoscopic endonasal surgery for pituitary adenoma.

Objective: To determine risk factors and management for the development of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after an endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for pituitary adenomas.

Methods: The clinical data of 400 patients who underwent EES for resection of pituitary adenomas from December 2018 to November 2019 in the Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, Knosp grade, suprasellar extension grade, sellar floor erosion grade, repeated transsphenoidal surgery, intraoperative CSF leak, use of pedicled nasoseptal flap and lumbar drain were collected and analyzed.

The SF3B1 mutation promotes prolactinoma tumor progression through aberrant splicing of DLG1.

Background: Recently, a hotspot mutation in prolactinoma was observed in splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1), but its functional effects and underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unexplored.

Methods: Using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system and rat pituitary GH3 cells, we generated heterozygous Sf3b1 mutant cells. Sanger and whole-genome sequencing were conducted to verify the introduction of this mutation.

A Novel Three-LncRNA Signature Predicting Tumor Recurrence in Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas.

The nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) recurrence rate is relatively high after surgical resection. Here, we constructed effective long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signatures to predict NFPA prognosis. LncRNAs expression microarray sequencing profiles were obtained from 66 NFPAs.

The intestinal flora of patients with GHPA affects the growth and the expression of PD-L1 of tumor.

Context: Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common intracranial tumor. The evidence indicates that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is associated with PA and that the intestinal flora influences other tumors' growth through interacting with the TIME. However, how the intestinal microbial flora contributes to the development of PA through the immune response is unknown.

Immune Checkpoints: Therapeutic Targets for Pituitary Tumors.

Pituitary tumors are the third most common intracranial tumors in adults. Treatment of refractory pituitary tumors is known to be difficult due to limited treatment options. As a promising therapeutic method, tumor immunotherapy has been applied in the treatment of many tumors, including pituitary tumors.

A polysaccharide from natural Cordyceps sinensis regulates the intestinal immunity and gut microbiota in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced intestinal injury.

A polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis (NCSP) was reported to attenuate intestinal injury and regulate the balance of T helper (Th)1/Th2 cells in immunosuppressed mice. However, whether it influences Th17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells as well as gut ecology remains unknown. In the present study, the intestinal injury mouse model was also established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) for three consecutive days.

Research advances on the immune research and prospect of immunotherapy in pituitary adenomas.

Background: Pituitary adenomas are one type of intracranial tumor, which can be divided into microadenoma (≤ 1 cm), macroadenoma (> 1 cm), and giant adenoma (≥ 4 cm) according to their diametral sizes. They are benign, typically slow-progressing, whereas the biological behavior of some of them is invasive, which presents a major clinical challenge. Treatment of some pituitary adenomas is still difficult due to drug resistance or multiple relapses, usually after surgery, medication, and radiation.

Screening and Identification of Key Microenvironment-Related Genes in Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma.

Purpose: Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is a very common type of intracranial tumor, which can be locally invasive and can have a high recurrence rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) shows a high correlation with tumor pathogenesis and prognosis. The current study aimed to identify microenvironment-related genes in NFPAs and assess their prognostic value.

Identifying critical protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma recurrence.

Non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is a very common type of intracranial tumor. Monitoring and predicting the postoperative recurrence of NFPAs is difficult, as these adenomas do not present with serum hormone hypersecretion. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and protein-coding genes (PCGs) play critical roles in the development and progression of numerous tumors.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of pituitary adenomas reveals the impacts of copy number variations on gene expression and clinical prognosis among prolactin-secreting subtype.

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are slow growing and benign primary intracranial tumors that often cause occupying effects or endocrine symptoms. PAs can be classified into various subtypes according to hormone secretion. Although widespread transcriptional alterations that cause aberrant hormone secretion have been characterized, the impact of genomic variations on transcriptional alterations is unclear due to the rare occurrence of single-nucleotide variations in PA.

Functional characterization of DLK1/MEG3 locus on chromosome 14q32.2 reveals the differentiation of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors.

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) represent the neoplastic proliferation of the anterior pituitary gland. Transcription factors play a key role in the differentiation of PitNETs. However, for a substantial proportion of PitNETs, the etiology is poorly understood.

JAG1, Regulated by microRNA-424-3p, Involved in Tumorigenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of High Proliferative Potential-Pituitary Adenomas.

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are a neoplastic proliferation of anterior pituitary. Signature of Notch pathway relies upon the histopathological type of PAs. The details of Notch pathway that are involved in the migration and invasion of Pas are still unclear.

CDKN2A (p16INK4A) affects the anti‑tumor effect of CDK inhibitor in somatotroph adenomas.

The altered cell cycle is associated with aberrant growth factor signaling in somatotroph adenoma, which is the primary cause of acromegaly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathological role of the INK4 family and evaluate the effectiveness of CDK4 inhibitor, palbociclib, in somatotroph adenoma. RNA‑Seq, RT‑PCR, and immunohistochemistry were applied to measure the levels and correlations of the INK4 family with angiogenesis, CDKs, EMT, and therapeutic targets.

Clinical and Radiologic Characteristics, Surgical Outcomes, and Its Possible Origins of Chondroma of the Dural Convexity.

Chondroma of the dural convexity (CDC) is a benign and extremely rare type of intracranial chondroma. In this study, we reported five CDCs in a single center and reviewed the available literature to determine the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes and possible origins of the disease. The clinical data of five patients (4 females) who confirmed to be CDC between 2000 and 2019 in our single center was collected together with 22 cases from literatures.

Effect of CaCO on catalytic activity of Fe-Ce/Ti catalysts for NH-SCR reaction.

In the present work, fresh and Ca poisoned Fe-Ce/Ti catalysts were prepared and used for the NH-SCR reaction to investigate the effect of Ca doping on the catalytic activity of catalysts. And these catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD, Raman, UV-vis DRS, XPS, H-TPR, and NH-TPD techniques. The obtained results demonstrate that Ca doping could lead to an obvious decrease in the catalytic activity of catalysts.

An integrated electrode based on nanoflakes of MoS on carbon cloth for enhanced lithium storage.

Due to its high specific capacity (in theory), molybdenum disulfide (MoS) has been recognized as a plausible substitute in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, it suffers from an inferior electric conductivity and a substantial volume change during Li insertion/extraction. By using a facile hydrothermal method, a flexible free-standing MoS electrode has here been fabricated onto a carbon cloth substrate.