Automated Hematoma Detection and Outcome Prediction in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose: To develop a tool for automated subtype classification and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) on CT scans of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Furthermore, outcome prediction for patients can effectively facilitate patient management.

Methods: This study presents a cascade framework for two-stage segmentation and multi-label classification.

An 8-Year 5-Month-Old Boy with a Basal Ganglia Lesion with Triphasic Waves on Electroencephalogram.

Background: Triphasic waves (TWs) on electroencephalograms (EEGs) have predominantly been observed in adults, often associated with Creutzfeldt‒Jakob disease and metabolic encephalopathy. However, TWs have also been linked to various nonmetabolic and structural abnormalities. Additionally, reports of TWs in children are rare.

Oxidative stress induces ferroptosis in tendon stem cells by regulating mitophagy through cGAS-STING pathway.

Tendinopathy is one of the most prevalent sports injury diseases in orthopedics. However, there is no effective treatment or medicine. Recently, the discovery of tendon stem cells (TSCs) provides a new perspective to find new therapeutic methods for Tendinopathy.

Glucose-induced CRL4-p53 axis amplifies glycometabolism to drive tumorigenesis.

The diabetes-cancer association remains underexplained. Here, we describe a glucose-signaling axis that reinforces glucose uptake and glycolysis to consolidate the Warburg effect and overcome tumor suppression. Specifically, glucose-dependent CK2 O-GlcNAcylation impedes its phosphorylation of CSN2, a modification required for the deneddylase CSN to sequester Cullin RING ligase 4 (CRL4).

Basis for metabolite-dependent Cullin-RING ligase deneddylation by the COP9 signalosome.

The Cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of ubiquitin E3s activated by neddylation and regulated by the deneddylase COP9 signalosome (CSN). The inositol polyphosphate metabolites promote the formation of CRL-CSN complexes, but with unclear mechanism of action. Here, we provide structural and genetic evidence supporting inositol hexakisphosphate (IP) as a general CSN cofactor recruiting CRLs.

Replacement of Protein Binding-Site Waters Contributes to Favorable Halogen Bond Interactions.

Halogen bond interaction between a protein electronegative atom and a ligand halogen atom is increasingly attracting attention in the field of structure-based drug design. Nevertheless, gaps in understanding make it desirable to better examine the role of forces governing the formation of favorable halogen bond interactions, and the development of effective and efficient computational approaches to "design in" favorable halogen bond interactions in lead optimization process are warranted. Here, we analyzed the binding-site water properties of crystal structures with characterized halogen bond interactions between ligand halogen atoms and protein backbone carbonyl groups and, thus, found that halogen atoms involved in halogen bond interactions frequently replace calculated binding-site waters upon ligand binding.

Structural and mechanistic insights into the biosynthesis of CDP-archaeol in membranes.

The divergence of archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes was a fundamental step in evolution. One marker of this event is a major difference in membrane lipid chemistry between these kingdoms. Whereas the membranes of bacteria and eukaryotes primarily consist of straight fatty acids ester-bonded to glycerol-3-phosphate, archaeal phospholipids consist of isoprenoid chains ether-bonded to glycerol-1-phosphate.

Structure of protein O-mannose kinase reveals a unique active site architecture.

The 'pseudokinase' SgK196 is a protein O-mannose kinase (POMK) that catalyzes an essential phosphorylation step during biosynthesis of the laminin-binding glycan on α-dystroglycan. However, the catalytic mechanism underlying this activity remains elusive. Here we present the crystal structure of POMK in complex with Mg ions, ADP, aluminum fluoride, and the GalNAc-β3-GlcNAc-β4-Man trisaccharide substrate, thereby providing a snapshot of the catalytic transition state of this unusual kinase.

A 1,000 Frames/s Programmable Vision Chip with Variable Resolution and Row-Pixel-Mixed Parallel Image Processors.

A programmable vision chip with variable resolution and row-pixel-mixed parallel image processors is presented. The chip consists of a CMOS sensor array, with row-parallel 6-bit Algorithmic ADCs, row-parallel gray-scale image processors, pixel-parallel SIMD Processing Element (PE) array, and instruction controller. The resolution of the image in the chip is variable: high resolution for a focused area and low resolution for general view.