Optimisation of electrochemical oxidation process with boron doped diamond (BDD) for removing COD, colour, ammonium, and phosphate in landfill leachate.

This study investigated the electrooxidation (EO) of mature landfill leachate from the Brady Road Resource Management Facility, Winnipeg (Canada). EO using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were applied to treat real landfill leachate using a batch reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum process parameter levels.

Concentration of Virus Particles from Environmental Water and Wastewater Samples Using Skimmed Milk Flocculation and Ultrafiltration.

Water and wastewater-based epidemiology have emerged as alternative methods to monitor and predict the course of outbreaks in communities. The recovery of microbial fractions, including viruses, bacteria, and microeukaryotes from wastewater and environmental water samples is one of the challenging steps in these approaches. In this study, we focused on the recovery efficiency of sequential ultrafiltration and skimmed milk flocculation (SMF) methods using Armored RNA as a test virus, which is also used as a control by some other studies.

Aluminum phosphate sludge as a phosphorus source for maize production under low soil phosphorus availability.

Background: With increasing food demand as a consequence of the growing world population, there is a corresponding demand for additional sources of phosphorus (P). Alum-phosphate (Al-P) sludge is a by-product of wastewater treatment and can be a good source of P. In this study, the response of maize ( L.

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA throughout wastewater treatment plants and a modeling approach to understand COVID-19 infection dynamics in Winnipeg, Canada.

Although numerous studies have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater and attempted to find correlations between the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the number of cases, no consensus has been reached on sample collection and processing, and data analysis. Moreover, the fate of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants is another issue, specifically regarding the discharge of the virus into environmental settings and the water cycle. The current study monitored SARS-CoV-2 RNA in influent and effluent wastewater samples with three different concentration methods and sludge samples over six months (July to December 2020) to compare different virus concentration methods, assess the fate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater treatment plants, and describe the potential relationship between SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in influent and infection dynamics.

Quantification of human enteric viruses as alternative indicators of fecal pollution to evaluate wastewater treatment processes.

We investigated the potential use and quantification of human enteric viruses in municipal wastewater samples of Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada) as alternative indicators of contamination and evaluated the processing stages of the wastewater treatment plant. During the fall 2019 and winter 2020 seasons, samples of raw sewage, activated sludge, effluents, and biosolids (sludge cake) were collected from the North End Sewage Treatment Plant (NESTP), which is the largest wastewater treatment plant in the City of Winnipeg. DNA (Adenovirus and crAssphage) and RNA enteric viruses (Pepper mild mottle virus, Norovirus genogroups GI and GII, Rotavirus Astrovirus, and Sapovirus) as well as the gene found in were targeted in the samples collected from the NESTP.

Metagenomic community composition and resistome analysis in a full-scale cold climate wastewater treatment plant.

Background: Wastewater treatment plants are an essential part of maintaining the health and safety of the general public. However, they are also an anthropogenic source of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we characterized the resistome, the distribution of classes 1-3 integron-integrase genes (intI1, intI2, and intI3) as mobile genetic element biomarkers, and the bacterial and phage community compositions in the North End Sewage Treatment Plant in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Methane oxidation in a landfill biowindow under wide seasonally fluctuating climatic conditions.

In the current study, a pilot biowindow was constructed in a closed cell of a Canadian Landfill, undergoing high seasonal fluctuations in the temperature from -30 in winter to 35 in summer. The biowindow was filled with biosolids compost amended with yard waste and leaf compost with the ratio of 4:1 as the substrate layer. Two years of monitoring of methane (CH) oxidation in the biowindow led to remarkable expected observations including a thick, solid winter frost cover affecting gas exchange in winter and temperatures above 45 ℃ in the biowindow in late summer.

Natural wetlands contribution on phosphorus removal in small northern communities in Canada.

This study focuses on understanding the role of passive wastewater treatment (wastewater lagoon plus wetland) in reducing the phosphorus discharge levels in a northern small community in Manitoba, Canada. The facultative lagoon system of that small community treats domestic wastewater and seasonally discharges effluent into a wetland that connects to Lake Manitoba This research assesses phosphorus removal efficiency through the natural wetland during the vegetation growing season. The average total phosphorus (TP) concentration reduction for the observed treatment area of 1.

Making Biodegradable Seedling Pots from Textile and Paper Waste-Part B: Development and Evaluation of Seedling Pots.

This study evaluates the efficacy of using textile waste blended with paper waste to form biodegradable seedling pots. A bio-composite blend of cotton (20% cotton, 40% newspaper, and 40% corrugated cardboard) and polycotton (20% polycotton, 40% newspaper, and 40% corrugated cardboard) with an optimum strength was formed into seedling pots. The appreciated seedling pots (untreated blends of cotton and polycotton) were compared with the commercial pots (cardboard seed starter pot and Jiffy pot) in terms of mechanical properties (tensile strength and compressive strength), biodegradability (soil burial test and anaerobic digestion), and seed germination.

Making Biodegradable Seedling Pots from Textile and Paper Waste-Part A: Factors Affecting Tensile Strength.

This study investigates the efficacy of using discarded textile (cotton and polycotton) and paper waste (newspaper and corrugated cardboard) as substrates to form sheets with optimum tensile strength. The effect of alkali treatment (sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO)), compressive loads (200 N and 500 N), and the use of binding agents (blackstrap molasses, sodium alginate, and cornstarch) were studied to optimize the tensile strength of homogeneous sheets. The alkali treatment using 5% NaOH for 5 h of soaking demonstrated the highest increase in tensile strength of 21% and 19% for cotton and newspaper, respectively.

Bioavailability study of phosphorus in alum-phosphorus sludge using switchgrass.

The study investigated biomass yield and the uptake of P and aluminum by switchgrass grown in a low-P soil amended with alum-P sludge and a conventional fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), at rates of 9.7, 19.4, 29.

Advanced biological sequential treatment of mature landfill leachate using aerobic activated sludge SBR and fungal bioreactor.

This study utilized spp. to treat mature landfill leachate (MLL) in a continuous bioreactor and batch experimental tests under non-sterile conditions. MLL characteristics such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble COD (sCOD), total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), and color removal efficiency were determined.

Fungal treatment of mature landfill leachate utilizing woodchips and wheat-straw as co-substrates.

Mature landfill leachate (MLL) tend to be highly contaminated due to the presence of refractory contaminants such as humic-fulvic substances, xenobiotic compounds, and heavy metals. This study investigated the treatment efficiency of MLL by deploying Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma asperellum, and Tyromyces chioneus fungal strains.

Statistical modeling of phosphorus solubilization from chemical sludge and evaluation of optimal sodium hydroxide dose.

Phosphorus (P) recovery from sludge has drawn widespread attention across the world to minimize the P load to the watershed, a concern for eutrophication, and to meet the stringent effluent discharge regulations in some countries. Waste activated sludge (WAS) and dewatered sludge (DS) were treated with a wide range of NaOH doses (0-0.75 g g TS).

A global prospective of environmental degradations: economy and finance.

Finance plays a crucial role in a fast-growing economy that can lead to environmental degradation. The present study utilizes balanced panel data of 105 countries for the time span 1980-2016 to investigate empirical linkage among environmental degradations: economy and finance. It also unfolds the nonlinear impact of economy and finance on environmental degradation.

Phytodesalination of landfill leachate using and .

Landfilling has been widely used for solid waste disposal; however, the generation of leachate can pose a major threat to the surrounding environment in the form of soil salinity. Two native plants of North America (alkaligrass) and (cattail) were selected in this study to investigate bioaccumulation of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) under controlled greenhouse conditions. The treatments include irrigation of the plants using fertilizer (F), landfill leachate (LL), and tap water (control, C).

Effect of lignocellulosic enzymes on the treatment of mature landfill leachate.

The inherent necessity to remediate refractory contaminants from the toxic problematic wastewater like mature landfill leachate (MLL) has become a global challenge. This study investigated the effect of a potentially sustainable technological approach, i.e.

Phytoremediation of waste dumping site soil and landfill leachate by using cattail ().

In this study, cattail () was used to remove Na and Cl from polluted soil (PS) in a solid waste open dumping site. Hydroponic system was also evaluated to remove Na and Cl from landfill leachate. The results indicated that the cattail grown in PS had higher biomass yield of 44.

Variation in bacterial community structure of aerobic granular and suspended activated sludge in the presence of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole.

The treatment performance and bacterial community structure of conventional activated sludge and aerobic granules exposed to antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was studied. For three months, two sets of sequencing batch reactors inoculated with conventional and granular biomass were fed with a synthetic municipal wastewater containing 2 μg/L SMX. The presence of SMX had no significant impacts on treatment performance of the reactors as well as stability of the granules.

Seasonal variations in cold climate nutrient removal: A comparison of facultative and aerated lagoons.

The seasonal trends in standard wastewater parameters are studied for two lagoons in the Canadian Prairies; one facultative and one aerated with the purpose of better understanding the underlying biological mechanisms in place. In particular, treatment in a cold climate is examined as treatment efficiency and function vary with geographical latitude. It was found that during the winter season, nutrients are not removed and nutrient release is observed.

Removal of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole by anoxic/anaerobic/oxic granular and suspended activated sludge processes.

This study investigates the removal of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two sets of anoxic/anaerobic/oxic sequencing batch reactors inoculated with either suspended or granular activated sludge. Continuously, for three months, 2 μg/L SMX was spiked into the reactor feeds in a synthetic municipal wastewater with COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) of 400, 43 and 7 mg/L, respectively. The presence of SMX had no significant impact on treatment performance of the suspended and granular biomass.

Ammonium removal using algae-bacteria consortia: the effect of ammonium concentration, algae biomass, and light.

In this study, the effects of ammonium nitrogen concentration, algae biomass concentration, and light conditions (wavelength and intensity) on the ammonium removal efficiency of algae-bacteria consortia from wastewater were investigated. The results indicated that ammonium concentration and light intensity had a significant impact on nitrification. It was found that the highest ammonia concentration (430 mg N/L) in the influent resulted in the highest ammonia removal rate of 108 ± 3.

Treatment of old landfill leachate with high ammonium content using aerobic granular sludge.

Background: Aerobic granular sludge has become an attractive alternative to the conventional activated sludge due to its high settling velocity, compact structure, and higher tolerance to toxic substances and adverse conditions. Aerobic granular sludge process has been studied intensively in the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater. However, information on leachate treatment using aerobic granular sludge is very limited.

Overall effect of carbon production and nutrient release in sludge holding tank on mainstream biological nutrient removal efficiency.

The potential of hydrolysis/fermentation of activated sludge in sludge holding tank (SHT) to produce additional carbon for the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process was investigated. The study was conducted in anaerobic batch tests using the BNR sludge (from a full-scale Westside process) and the mixture of BNR sludge with conventional non-BNR activated sludge (to have higher biodegradable particulate chemical oxygen demand (bpCOD) in sludge). The BioWin 4.

Simplified empirical model for phosphorous removal in a facultative wastewater lagoon.

Nutrient removal in a facultative lagoon in Manitoba, Canada, was monitored from May 2015 to April 2016. According to the 12-month data, phosphorous concentration in the effluent did not meet the regulatory requirement. Various models have been developed to predict nitrogen removal from lagoon through the years; however, not much effort has been deployed to model phosphorous removal from lagoons.