Sex estimation techniques based on skulls in forensic anthropology: A scoping review.

Background: Sex estimation is an essential topic in the field of individual identification in forensic anthropology. Recent studies have investigated a growing range of techniques for estimating sex from human skulls.

Objectives: This study aims to provide a scoping review of the literature on techniques used in skull-based sex estimation, serving as a valuable reference for researchers.

Flexible tactile sensors inspired by bio-mechanoreceptors.

Mechanoreceptors in animals and plants play a crucial role in sensing mechanical stimuli such as touch, motion, stretch, and vibration. Learning from the mechanisms of mechanoreceptors may facilitate the development of bionic tactile sensors, leading to higher sensitivity, spatial resolution, and dynamic ranges. However, very little literature has comprehensively discussed the relevance of biological tactile sensing systems and machine-learning-based bionic tactile sensors.

MHBase: A comprehensive database of short microhaplotypes for advancing forensic genetic analysis.

Microhaplotypes (MHs) were first recommended by Prof. Kidd for use in forensics because they can improve human identification, kinship analysis, mixture deconvolution, and ancestry prediction. Since their introduction, extensive research has demonstrated the advantages of MHs in forensic applications and provided useful data for different populations.

Optimizing Analytical Thresholds for Low-Template DNA Analysis: Insights from Multi-Laboratory Negative Controls.

When analyzing challenging samples, such as low-template DNA, analysts aim to maximize information while minimizing noise, often by adjusting the analytical threshold (AT) for optimal results. A potential approach involves calculating the AT based on the baseline signal distribution in electrophoresis results. This study investigates the impact of reagent kits, testing quarters, environmental conditions, and amplification cycles on baseline signals using historical records and experimental data on low-template DNA.

Improving DNA mixtures analysis using compound markers composed of InDels and SNPs screened from the whole genome with next-generation sequencing.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows for better identification of insertion and deletion polymorphisms (InDels) and their combination with adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to form compound markers. These markers can improve the polymorphism of microhaplotypes (MHs) within the same length range, and thus, boost the efficiency of DNA mixture analysis. In this study, we screened InDels and SNPs across the whole genome and selected highly polymorphic markers composed of InDels and/or SNPs within 300 bp.

Detection Rate of PSMA PET Using Different Ligands in Men with Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Radical Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.

Background: Despite the acknowledged diagnostic detection rate of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in prostate cancer, little is known about the quality of evidence, particularly focusing on prospective studies. Most systematic reviews are based on retrospective reports.

Rationale And Objectives: To conduct systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies reporting the diagnostic detection rate of PSMA PET (computed tomography (CT) and MR) for the detection of biochemically recurrent metastatic prostate cancer.

Assessment of ForenSeq mtDNA Whole Genome Kit for forensic application.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an indispensable genetic marker in forensic genetics. The emergence and development of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) makes it possible to obtain complete mitochondrial genome sequences more quickly and accurately. The study evaluated the advantages and limitations of the ForenSeq mtDNA Whole Genome Kit in the practical application of forensic genetics by detecting human genomic DNA standards and thirty-three case samples.

Development of specific and rapid detection of human DNA by recombinase polymerase amplification assay for forensic analysis.

The determination of human-derived samples is very important in forensic investigations and case investigation in order to determine vital information on the suspect and the case. In this study, we established a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for rapid identification of human-derived components. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.

Evaluation of microhaplotype panels for complex kinship analysis using massively parallel sequencing.

In recent years, microhaplotypes (MHs) have become a research hotspot within the field of forensic genetics. Traditional MHs contain only SNPs that are closely linked within short fragments. Herein, we broaden the concept of general MHs to include short InDels.

An MPS-Based 50plex Microhaplotype Assay for Forensic DNA Analysis.

Microhaplotypes (MHs) are widely accepted as powerful markers in forensic studies. They have the advantage of both short tandem repeats (STRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with no stutter and amplification bias, short fragments and amplicons, low mutation and recombination rates, and high polymorphisms. In this study, we constructed a panel of 50 MHs that are distributed on 21 chromosomes and analyzed them using the Multiseq multiple polymerase chain reaction (multi-PCR) targeted capture sequencing protocol based on the massively parallel sequencing (MPS) platform.

Intelligent wearable devices based on nanomaterials and nanostructures for healthcare.

Emerging classes of flexible electronic sensors as alternatives to conventional rigid sensors offer a powerful set of capabilities for detecting and quantifying physiological and physical signals from human skin in personal healthcare. Unfortunately, the practical applications and commercialization of flexible sensors are generally limited by certain unsatisfactory aspects of their performance, such as biocompatibility, low sensing range, power supply, or single sensory function. This review intends to provide up-to-date literature on wearable devices for smart healthcare.