Multiple sevoflurane exposures during mid-trimester induce neurotoxicity in the developing brain initiated by 15LO2-Mediated ferroptosis.

Aims: Mid-gestational sevoflurane exposure may induce notable long-term neurocognitive impairment in offspring. This study was designed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of ferroptosis in developmental neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane in the second trimester.

Methods: Pregnant rats on day 13 of gestation (G13) were treated with or without 3.

Effect of ultrasound-guided lung recruitment manoeuvre on perioperative atelectasis during laparoscopy in young infants: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Pneumoperitoneum is a risk factor for perioperative atelectasis in infants. This research aimed to investigate whether lung recruitment manoeuvres guided by ultrasound are more effective for young infants (<3 months) during laparoscopy under general anaesthesia.

Methods: Young infants (<3 months) undergoing general anaesthesia during laparoscopic surgery (>2 h) were randomised to either conventional lung recruitment (control group) or ultrasound-guided lung recruitment (ultrasound group) once per hour.

Ferroptosis contributes to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats: Role of the SIRT1/Nrf2/GPx4 signaling pathway.

Aims: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) often results in cognitive impairments. Herein, we investigated the roles of ferroptosis in HIBI and the underlying signaling pathways.

Methods: Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) or resveratrol (Res) treatments were administered intracerebroventricularly 30 min before HIBI in 7-day-old rats.

Sevoflurane post-conditioning alleviated hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy via IRE1 signalings.

Post-conditioning with sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, has been proved to be neuroprotective against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). Our previous research showed that autophagy is over-activated in a neonatal HIBI rat model, and inhibition of autophagy confers neuroprotection. There is increasing recognition that autophagy can be stimulated by activating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Sevoflurane Postconditioning Ameliorates Neuronal Migration Disorder Through Reelin/Dab1 and Improves Long-term Cognition in Neonatal Rats After Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury.

Sevoflurane postconditioning (SPC) has been widely reported to attenuate brain injury after hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) by inhibiting neural necrosis and autophagy. Moreover, recent reports revealed that sevoflurane facilitated hippocampal reconstruction via regulating migration. Yet, it remains unclear whether the promotion of neural migration by SPC repairs the hippocampal injury after HIE.

FOXO3 Regulates Sevoflurane-Induced Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Fetal Rats.

With the increase in fetal surgeries, the effect of maternal anesthesia on progeny has attracted much attention. Our previous studies have demonstrated that 3.5% sevoflurane maternal exposure resulted in over-activated autophagy and cognitive impairment in the offspring.

Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning ameliorates long-term neurological outcomes after neonatal hypoxic ischemia: The role of autophagy.

Background: Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) is a major cause of mortality in neonates and can cause long-term neurological sequelae. Excessive autophagy caused by HI may cause neuronal death. Dexmedetomidine was reported neuroprotective against HIBI.

Effects of early postnatal sevoflurane exposure on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination in cerebral white matter of the rat.

General anaesthesia may impose significant neurocognitive risks on the developing brain. As brain injury in preterm neonates has a particular predilection for cerebral white matter, we aimed to evaluate the effects of sevoflurane on oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination in a preterm-equivalent rat model. Two-day-old postnatal (P2) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 3.

Dexmedetomidine Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Neonatal Rats.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist used as an off-label medication for pediatric sedation and analgesia. Recently, Dex was reported to exhibit neuroprotective efficacy in several brain injury models. Here we investigate whether neonatal Dex administration promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory under physiological conditions.

Reactive Fabrication and Effect of NbC on Microstructure and Tribological Properties of CrS Co-Based Self-Lubricating Coatings by Laser Cladding.

The CrS/NbC Co-based self-lubricating composite coatings were successfully fabricated on Cr12MoV steel surface by laser clad Stellite 6, WS₂, and NbC mixed powders. The phase composition, microstructure, and tribological properties of the coatings ware investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), as well as dry sliding wear testing. Based on the experimental results, it was found reactions between WS₂ and Co-based alloy powder had occurred, which generated solid-lubricant phase CrS, and NbC play a key role in improving CrS nuclear and refining microstructure of Co-based composite coating during laser cladding processing.