Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Exhibit Anti-Oxidant and Antiviral Effects as Cell-Free Therapies.

The oxidative stress induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to cell aging and death. Equally, the skeletal muscle usually hosts enteroviral persistent infection in inflammatory muscle diseases. As excellent bioactive products, the exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (ucMSCs) have been proven to be safe and have low immunogenicity with a potential cell-free therapeutic function.

The NAC transcription factor MdNAC29 negatively regulates drought tolerance in apple.

Drought stress is an adverse stimulus that affects agricultural production worldwide. NAC transcription factors are involved in plant development and growth but also play different roles in the abiotic stress response. Here, we isolated the apple gene and investigated its role in regulating drought tolerance.

Transcriptome analysis reveals candidate genes involved in nitrogen deficiency stress in apples.

Nitrogen is one of the macroelements required for plant growth and development and the identification of candidate genes involved in nitrogen deficiency stress is of great importance to the sustainable development of agriculture. Here, we found that the color of apple leaves changed from dark green to yellow-green, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, soluble protein content, and proline content significantly increased, the chlorophyll content significantly decreased in response to nitrate deficiency stress. According to the physiological and biochemical changes of apple leaves during nitrate deficiency stress, nitrogen deficiency stress was divided into two stages: early nitrogen deficiency stage (ES) and late nitrogen deficiency stage (LS).

negatively regulates peach bud break through the gibberellin pathway and through interactions with .

Bud dormancy, which enables damage from cold temperatures to be avoided during winter and early spring, is an important adaptive mechanism of deciduous fruit trees to cope with seasonal environmental changes and temperate climates. Understanding the regulatory mechanism of bud break in fruit trees is highly important for the artificial control of bud break and the prevention of spring frost damage. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of MYB TFs during the bud break of peach is still unclear.

The apple GARP family gene MdHHO3 regulates the nitrate response and leaf senescence.

The regulation of plant gene expression by nitrate is a complex regulatory process. Here, we identified 90 GARP family genes in apples by genome-wide analysis. As a member of the GARP gene family, the expression of ( H) is upregulated under N (nitrogen) supply.

MdNAC4 Interacts With MdAPRR2 to Regulate Nitrogen Deficiency-Induced Leaf Senescence in Apple ().

Nitrogen (N) is one of the important macronutrients in plants, and N deficiency induces leaf senescence. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how N deficiency affects leaf senescence is unclear. Here, we report an apple NAC TF, MdNAC4, that participates in N deficiency-induced leaf senescence.

Prunus persica transcription factor PpNAC56 enhances heat resistance in transgenic tomatoes.

Members of the NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2 and CUC2) transcription factor family are involved in numerous processes of plant growth and development and play an important role in the response to abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and heat, but little research on this topic has been done in peach. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of PpNAC56 under abiotic stress and found that PpNAC56 responded to high-temperature stress. To verify the function of PpNAC56, we overexpressed this gene in tomato plants and found that, compared with WT plants, the transgenic tomato plants could accumulate more osmoregulatory substances after high-temperature treatment and thus were more heat resistance.

Terpene Synthase Interacts with PpABI5 to Enhance Salt Resistance in Transgenic Tomatoes.

Terpene synthase () is related to the production of aromatic substances, but there are few studies on the impact of abiotic stress on and its molecular mechanism, especially in peaches. This study found that salt resistance and abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity of transgenic tomatoes were enhanced by overexpression of . Moreover, it was found that interacted with and antagonized the expression of the transcription factor (), which is thought to play an important role in salt suitability.

, a Peach NUDIX Hydrolase, Plays a Negative Regulator in Response to Drought Stress.

Drought stress is a serious abiotic stress source that affects the growth and fruit quality of peach trees. However, the molecular mechanism of the NUDIX hydrolase family in peaches in response to drought stress is still unclear. Here, we isolated and identified the (Prupe.

ASB17 Facilitates the Burst of LPS-Induced Inflammation Through Maintaining TRAF6 Stability.

ASB17, a member of the ankyrin repeat and SOCS box-containing protein (ASB) family, has been supposed to act as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Actually, little is known about its biological function. In this study, we found that ASB17 knocking-out impaired the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL2 and IL-6 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), indicating an inflammation-promoting role of this gene.

Optimization of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for robust visualization in SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants diagnosis.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is widely used in detection of pathogenic microorganisms including SARS-CoV-2. However, the performance of LAMP assay needs further exploration in the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants test. Here, we design serials of primers and select an optimal set for LAMP-based on SARS-CoV-2  gene for a robust and visual assay in SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.

OVATE Family Protein PpOFP1 Physically Interacts With PpZFHD1 and Confers Salt Tolerance to Tomato and Yeast.

The OVATE family protein (OFP) genes () have been shown to respond to salt stress in plants. However, the regulatory mechanism for salt tolerance of the peach () OFP gene has not been elucidated. In this study, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated a nucleus-localized ZF-HD_dimer domain protein PpZFHD1, which interacts with the PpOFP1 protein in the peach cultivar "Zhongnongpan No.

Endodormancy Release Can Be Modulated by the GA-GID1c-DELLA2 Module in Peach Leaf Buds.

Gibberellin (GA) plays a key role in the release of bud dormancy and the GA receptor GID1 (GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1) and DELLA protein are the GA signaling parts, but the molecular mechanism of GA-GID1-DELLA module regulating leaf bud dormancy in peach () is still not very clear. In this study, we isolated and characterized the GID1 gene from the peach cultivar "Zhong you No.4.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of five Prunus species and genome-wide association studies for key agronomic traits in peach.

Prunus species include many important perennial fruit crops, such as peach, plum, apricot, and related wild species. Here, we report de novo genome assemblies for five species, including the cultivated species peach (Prunus persica), plum (Prunus salicina), and apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and the wild peach species Tibetan peach (Prunus mira) and Chinese wild peach (Prunus davidiana). The genomes ranged from 240 to 276 Mb in size, with contig N50 values of 2.

BTB-TAZ Domain Protein PpBT3 modulates peach bud endodormancy by interacting with PpDAM5.

The dormancy-associated MADS-box (DAM) gene DAM5 has crucial roles in bud endodormancy; however, the molecular regulatory mechanism of PpDAM5 in peach (Prunus persica) has not been elucidated. In this study, using yeast two-hybrid screening, we isolated a BTB-TAZ Domain Protein PpBT3, which interacts with PpDAM5 protein, in the peach cultivar 'Chun xue'. As expected, we found that abscisic acid (ABA) maintained bud endodormancy and induced expression of the PpDAM5 gene, and that over-expressing PpDAM5 in Arabidopsis thaliana repressed seed germination.

Overexpression of the Peach Transcription Factor Early Bud-Break 1 Leads to More Branches in Poplar.

Shoot branching is an important adaptive trait that determines plant architecture. In a previous study, the () gene in peach ( var. ) cultivar Zhongyou 4 was transformed into poplar ().

NS5 Conservative Site Is Required for Zika Virus to Restrict the RIG-I Signaling.

During host-virus co-evolution, cells develop innate immune systems to inhibit virus invasion, while viruses employ strategies to suppress immune responses and maintain infection. Here, we reveal that Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging arbovirus causing public concerns and devastating complications, restricts host immune responses through a distinct mechanism. ZIKV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) interacts with the host retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), an essential signaling molecule for defending pathogen infections.

Dengue Virus Infection Activates Interleukin-1β to Induce Tissue Injury and Vascular Leakage.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes several diseases ranging from dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular leakage, and shock. Here, we identify a potential mechanism by which DENV induces tissue injury and vascular leakage by promoting the activation of interleukin (IL)-1β. DENV facilitates IL-1β secretion in infected patients, mice, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and monocyte-differentiated macrophages (THP-1) activating the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Corrigendum: Comparison Between Flat and Round Peaches, Genomic Evidences of Heterozygosity Events.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.

Comparison Between Flat and Round Peaches, Genomic Evidences of Heterozygosity Events.

Bud sports occur in many plant species, including fruit trees. Although they are correlated with genetic variance in somatic cells, the mechanisms responsible for bud sports are mostly unknown. In this study, a peach bud sport whose fruit shape was transformed to round from flat was identified by next generation sequencing (NGS), and we provide evidence that a long loss of heterozygosity (LOH) event may be responsible for this alteration in fruit shape.

Cullin1 binds and promotes NLRP3 ubiquitination to repress systematic inflammasome activation.

Activation of the NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domains-containing protein 3 (collectively known as NLRP3) inflammasome plays a key role in host immune response, which is the first line of defense against cellular stresses and pathogen infections. However, excessive inflammasome activation damages host cells, and therefore it must be precisely controlled. Here, we discover that Cullin1 (CUL1), a key component of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box E3 ligase, plays a critical role in controlling the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Analysis of basic leucine zipper genes and their expression during bud dormancy in peach (Prunus persica).

Dormancy is a biological characteristic developed to resist the cold conditions in winter. The bZIP transcription factors are present exclusively in eukaryotes and have been identified and classified in many species. bZIP proteins are known to regulate numerous biological processes, however, the role of bZIP in bud dodormancy has not been studied extensively.

Genome-wide identification of WRKY family genes in peach and analysis of WRKY expression during bud dormancy.

Bud dormancy in deciduous fruit trees is an important adaptive mechanism for their survival in cold climates. The WRKY genes participate in several developmental and physiological processes, including dormancy. However, the dormancy mechanisms of WRKY genes have not been studied in detail.

Expression of ABA Metabolism-Related Genes Suggests Similarities and Differences Between Seed Dormancy and Bud Dormancy of Peach (Prunus persica).

Dormancy inhibits seed and bud growth of perennial plants until the environmental conditions are optimal for survival. Previous studies indicated that certain co-regulation pathways exist in seed and bud dormancy. In our study, we found that seed and bud dormancy are similar to some extent but show different reactions to chemical treatments that induce breaking of dormancy.