ExerGeneDB: A physical exercise-regulated differential gene expression database.

Background: Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues. Moreover, these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters-such as intensity, frequency, mode, and duration-as well as by clinical features like gender, age, and body mass index (BMI), each eliciting distinct biological effects. To assist exercise researchers in understanding these changes from a comprehensive perspective that includes multiple organs, diverse exercise regimens, and a range of clinical features, we developed Exercise Regulated Genes Database (ExerGeneDB), a database of exercise-regulated differential genes.

Collaborative CRISPR-Cas System-Enabled Detection of Circulating Circular RNA for Reliable Monitoring of Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of death worldwide, posing significant global health challenges. Circular RNA (circRNA) has recently emerged as a potential diagnostic biomarker for AMI, providing valuable information for timely medical care. In this work, a new electrochemical method for circRNA detection by engineering a collaborative CRISPR-Cas system is developed.

Cardiac aging: from hallmarks to therapeutic opportunities.

Cardiac aging is an intricate and multifaceted process with considerable impact on public health, especially given the global demographic shift towards aged populations. This review discusses structural, cellular and functional changes associated with cardiac aging and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Key molecular mediators are considered within the framework of the established hallmarks of aging, with particular attention to promising therapeutic candidates.

Exercise and microbiome: From big data to therapy.

Exercise is a vital component in maintaining optimal health and serves as a prospective therapeutic intervention for various diseases. The human microbiome, comprised of trillions of microorganisms, plays a crucial role in overall health. Given the advancements in microbiome research, substantial databases have been created to decipher the functionality and mechanisms of the microbiome in health and disease contexts.

Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction using a combination of circulating circular RNA cZNF292 and clinical information based on machine learning.

Circulating circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Machine learning can provide optimal predictions on the diagnosis of diseases. Here we performed a proof-of-concept study to determine if combining circRNAs with an artificial intelligence approach works in diagnosing CVD.

Inhibition of HIPK2 protects stress-induced pathological cardiac remodeling.

Background: Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2) has been reported to maintain basal cardiac function, however, its role in pathological cardiac remodeling remains unclear.

Methods: HIPK2 inhibitors (tBID and PKI1H) treated mice and two lines of HIPK2 mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). HIPK2 knockdown were performed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs), and human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs).

Gut microbiome mediates the protective effects of exercise after myocardial infarction.

Background: Gut microbiota plays important roles in health maintenance and diseases. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be able to modulate gut microbiota. However, the potential role of gut microbiome in exercise protection to myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear.

Exercise downregulates HIPK2 and HIPK2 inhibition protects against myocardial infarction.

Background: Exercise can protect myocardial infarction (MI) and downregulate cardiac Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2). However, the role of HIPK2 in MI is unclear.

Methods: HIPK2 mice and miR-222 rats, HIPK2 inhibitor (PKI1H) and adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) carrying miR-222 were applied in the study.

Non-coding RNA basis of muscle atrophy.

Muscle atrophy is a common complication of many chronic diseases including heart failure, cancer cachexia, aging, etc. Unhealthy habits and usage of hormones such as dexamethasone can also lead to muscle atrophy. However, the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy are not completely understood.

Long Noncoding RNA Cardiac Physiological Hypertrophy-Associated Regulator Induces Cardiac Physiological Hypertrophy and Promotes Functional Recovery After Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Background: The benefits of exercise training in the cardiovascular system have been well accepted; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Here, we report the initial functional characterization of an exercise-induced cardiac physiological hypertrophy-associated novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA).

Methods: Using lncRNA microarray profiling, we identified lncRNAs in contributing the modulation of exercise-induced cardiac growth that we termed cardiac physiological hypertrophy-associated regulator (CPhar).

The anti-microbial peptide LL-37/CRAMP levels are associated with acute heart failure and can attenuate cardiac dysfunction in multiple preclinical models of heart failure.

: Biomarkers for the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) are clinically essential. Circulating antimicrobial peptides LL-37 has emerged as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease, however, its relevance as a biomarker for acute HF are undetermined. : Acute HF patients were enrolled in this study and the serum levels of LL-37/CRAMP (cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide) were measured by ELISA.

Circulating microRNAs in Response to Exercise Training in Healthy Adults.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have great potential as cardiac biomarkers and they are also being explored for their roles in intercellular communication and gene expression regulation. The analysis of circulating miRNAs in response to exercise would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular response to physical activity and valuable information for clinical practice. Here, eight male college students were recruited to participate in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and 1 h acute exercise training (AET).

Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Background: Cathelicidins are a major group of natural antimicrobial peptides which play essential roles in regulating host defense and immunity. In addition to the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, recent studies have reported the involvement of cathelicidins in cardiovascular diseases by regulating inflammatory response and microvascular dysfunction. However, the role of cathelicidins in myocardial apoptosis upon cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains largely unknown.

Noncoding RNAs in Muscle Atrophy.

Denervation, disuse, fasting, and various diseases could induce skeletal muscle atrophy, which results in the decline of life quality and increase of the mortality risk for patients. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated important in regulating gene expression. Thus, ncRNAs, especially microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have gained widespread attention as crucial players in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including skeletal muscle atrophy.

Circular RNAs as Potential Theranostics in the Cardiovascular System.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the largest contributor to mortality worldwide. Identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVDs is urgently needed. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous, abundant, and stable non-coding RNAs formed by back-splicing events.

Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a group of circular RNA molecules with a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond at the junction site, are generated by back-splicing of precursor mRNAs. Most of the circular RNAs originate from the exon region of the encoded protein, and some are derived from intron regions, antisense transcripts, or long noncoding RNAs. Circular RNAs are abundantly in eukaryotic transcriptome and participate in various biological processes.

Circular RNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the most serious diseases, which are a leading cause of death across the world. Early diagnosis and prognosis prediction are keys for treatment and reduction of death rates. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical role in the physiology and pathology of biological system and participate in the development of diseases.

miR-486 inhibits PM2.5-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells.

Background: Environmental exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) threatens public health, which has caused worldwide concerns.

Rosiglitazone inhibits PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity in human lung epithelial A549 cells.

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) leads to global adverse health effects, including increases in morbidity and mortality of respiratory diseases.

Dynamic Regulation of Circulating microRNAs During Acute Exercise and Long-Term Exercise Training in Basketball Athletes.

Emerging evidence indicates the beneficial effects of physical exercise on human health, which depends on the intensity, training time, exercise type, environmental factors, and the personal health status. Conventional biomarkers provide limited insight into the exercise-induced adaptive processes. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are dynamically regulated in response to acute exhaustive exercise and sustained rowing, running and cycling exercises.

SGK1 inhibits PM2.5-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cells.

Emerging evidence demonstrated that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is an important environmental risk factor for lung diseases.

miR-21 suppression prevents cardiac alterations induced by d-galactose and doxorubicin.

d-galactose (d-gal)-induced cardiac alterations and Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiomyocyte senescence are commonly used models to study cardiac aging. Accumulating evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are critically involved in the regulation of cellular and organismal aging and age-related diseases. However, little has been revealed about the roles of miRNAs in cardiac alterations induced by d-gal and Dox.

Therapeutic Inhibition of miR-4260 Suppresses Colorectal Cancer via Targeting MCC and SMAD4.

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) and their putative target genes have been increasingly reported to contribute to colorectal cancer. However, miRNAs that directly target the mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) gene, a tumor suppressor which is downregulated or inactivated in colorectal cancer, remain largely unknown. By using an array-based miRNA analysis, we identified a group of miRNAs that were dysregulated in human metastatic non-metastatic colorectal cancer tissues.