Identification of a Novel ECM Remodeling Macrophage Subset in AKI to CKD Transition by Integrative Spatial and Single-Cell Analysis.

The transition from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical clinical issue. Although previous studies have suggested macrophages as a key player in promoting inflammation and fibrosis during this transition, the heterogeneity and dynamic characterization of macrophages are still poorly understood. Here, we used integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic to characterize the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of macrophages in murine AKI-to-CKD model of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

CD8 T cells induce the peritubular capillary rarefaction during AKI to CKD transition.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) transformed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a critical clinical issue characterized by tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) and fibrosis. However, the exact mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to obtain a high-resolution profile of T cells in AKI to CKD transition with a mice model of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (uIRI).

Erratum: Exosomal miR-125b-5p deriving from mesenchymal stem cells promotes tubular repair by suppression of p53 in ischemic acute kidney injury: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.54550.

Activation of HIF-1α C-terminal transactivation domain protects against hypoxia-induced kidney injury through hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy.

The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), as a master regulator of adaptive responses to hypoxia, possesses two transcriptional activation domains [TAD, N-terminal (NTAD), and C-terminal (CTAD)]. Although the roles of HIF-1α NTAD in kidney diseases have been recognized, the exact effects of HIF-1α CTAD in kidney diseases are poorly understood. Here, two independent mouse models of hypoxia-induced kidney injury were established using HIF-1α CTAD knockout (HIF-1α CTAD) mice.

Prognostic Nomogram of Osteocarcinoma after Surgical Treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a valid prognostic nomogram for osteocarcinoma after surgical management.

Methods: Based on the SEER database, we retrieved the clinical variables of patients confirmed to have osteocarcinoma between 1975 and 2016. Then, we performed univariate and multivariate analyses and constructed a nomogram of overall survival.

Diet-responsive transcriptional regulation of insulin in a single neuron controls systemic metabolism.

Metabolic homeostasis is coordinated through a robust network of signaling pathways acting across all tissues. A key part of this network is insulin-like signaling, which is fundamental for surviving glucose stress. Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans fed excess dietary glucose reduce insulin-1 (INS-1) expression specifically in the BAG glutamatergic sensory neurons.

Disturbance of Hypoxia Response and Its Implications in Kidney Diseases.

The disturbance of the hypoxia response system is closely related to human diseases, because it is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Given the significant role of the hypoxia response system in human health, therapeutic applications targeting prolyl hydroxylase-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling have been attempted. Thus, systemically reviewing the hypoxia response-based therapeutic strategies is of great significance.

SAP130 released by damaged tubule drives necroinflammation via miRNA-219c/Mincle signaling in acute kidney injury.

Tubules injury and immune cell activation are the common pathogenic mechanisms in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the exact modes of immune cell activation following tubule damage are not fully understood. Here we uncovered that the release of cytoplasmic spliceosome associated protein 130 (SAP130) from the damaged tubular cells mediated necroinflammation by triggering macrophage activation via miRNA-219c(miR-219c)/Mincle-dependent mechanism in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and cisplatin-induced AKI mouse models, and in patients with acute tubule necrosis (ATN).

Neuronal Gα subunits required for the control of response to polystyrene nanoparticles in the range of μg/L in C. elegans.

The aim of this study was to identify Gα proteins mediating function of neuronal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in controlling the response to polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs). Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an animal model, and both gene expression and functional analysis were performed to identify the Gα proteins in controlling PS-NPs toxicity. In nematodes, exposure to PS-NPs (1-100 μg/L) significantly altered transcriptional expressions of some neuronal Gα genes, including gpa-5, gpa-10, gpa-11, gpa-15 gsa-1, egl-30, and goa-1.

Kim-1 Targeted Extracellular Vesicles: A New Therapeutic Platform for RNAi to Treat AKI.

Background: AKI is a significant public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, no definitive treatment is available for AKI. RNA interference (RNAi) provides a new and potent method for gene therapy to tackle this issue.

Exosomal miR-125b-5p deriving from mesenchymal stem cells promotes tubular repair by suppression of p53 in ischemic acute kidney injury.

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have attracted great interest as a cell-free therapy for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the biodistribution of MSC-exos in ischemic AKI has not been established. The potential of MSC-exos in promoting tubular repair and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.

Induction of Protective Response Associated with Expressional Alterations in Neuronal G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Polystyrene Nanoparticle Exposed .

In this study, the association of expressional alterations in neuronal G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with induction of protective response to polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) was investigated in . On the basis of both phenotypic analysis and expression levels, the alterations in expressions of NPR-1, NPR-4, NPR-8, NPR-9, NPR-12, DCAR-1, GTR-1, DOP-2, SER-4, and DAF-37 in neuronal cells mediated the protective response to PS-NPs exposure. In neuronal cells, NPR-9, NPR-12, DCAR-1, and GTR-1 controlled the PS-NPs toxicity by activating or inhibiting JNK-1/JNK MAPK signaling.

Response of G protein-coupled receptor CED-1 in germline to polystyrene nanoparticles in .

The deposition of a certain amount of nanopolystyrene (NPS) can be observed in the gonad of . However, we still know little about the response of germline towards NPS exposure. In the germline of , NPS (1-1000 μg L) increased the expression levels of two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely PAQR-2 and CED-1.

The C. elegans miR-235 regulates the toxicity of graphene oxide via targeting the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 in the intestine.

The increased application of graphene oxide (GO), a new carbon-based engineered nanomaterial, has generated a potential toxicity in humans and the environment. Previous studies have identified some dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs), such as up-regulated mir-235, in organisms exposed to GO. However, the detailed mechanisms of the dysregulation of miRNA underlying GO toxicity are still largely elusive.

Epigenetic response to nanopolystyrene in germline of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

microRNAs (miRNAs) provide an epigenetic regulation mechanism for the response to environmental toxicants. mir-38, a germline miRNA, was increased by exposure to nanopolystyrene (100 nm). In this study, we further found that germline overexpression of mir-38 decreased expressions of nhl-2 encoding a miRISC cofactor, ndk-1 encoding a homolog of NM23-H1, and wrt-3 encoding a homolog of PPIL-2.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound regulates proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells through notch signaling pathway.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is widely used to regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the effect of LIPUS stimulation on neural stem cells (NSCs) is not well documented. In this study, we have identified the optimal parameters, and investigated the cellular mechanisms of LIPUS to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in vitro.

Arsenite-induced transgenerational glycometabolism is associated with up-regulation of H3K4me2 via inhibiting spr-5 in caenorhabditis elegans.

Arsenic (As) is a toxic element that is highly abundant in the environment. However, there has not been sufficient research into the mechanisms of arsenic-induced transgenerational effects. In biomedical and environmental toxicology research field, C.

Lipid metabolic response to polystyrene particles in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Nanoplastics can be used in various fields, such as personal care products. Nevertheless, the effect of nanoplastic exposure on metabolism and its association with stress response remain largely unclear. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we determined the effect of nanopolystyrene exposure on lipid metabolism and its association with the response to nanopolystyrene.

A Pilot Study of Parameter-Optimized Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation for the Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Viability Improvement.

To investigate how a back propagation neural network based on genetic algorithm (GA-BPNN) optimizes the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation parameters to improve the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) viability further. The LIPUS parameters were set at various frequencies (0.6, 0.

Graphene oxide disrupts the protein-protein interaction between Neuroligin/NLG-1 and DLG-1 or MAGI-1 in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

Graphene oxide (GO) is a carbon-based engineered nanomaterial (ENM). Using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model, we investigated the effect of GO exposure on protein-protein interactions. In nematodes, NLG-1/Neuroligin, a postsynaptic protein, acted only in the neurons to regulate the GO toxicity.

Suppressive Effects of Ursolic Acid on Human Endometriotic Stromal Cells Survival.

Background/aims: The identification of new compound candidates for endometriosis treatment is needed. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is considered a crucial target to control the progress and recurrence of endometriosis. Here, we identified ursolic acid (UA) as a natural inhibitor of COX-2 and investigated its effects on endometriosis progression.

Effects of therapeutic ultrasound for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic ultrasound with sham ultrasound on pain relief and functional improvement in knee osteoarthritis patients. As phonophoresis is a unique therapeutic ultrasound, we also compared the effects of phonophoresis with conventional non-drug ultrasound.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials from inception up to June 2019.

A circular RNA in response to graphene oxide in nematodes.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in regulating various biological processes; however, their roles in regulating the toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are still unclear. Based on Illumina HiSeq2500 sequencing, we here identified 43 dysregulated circRNAs in graphene oxide (GO) (1 mg L) exposed nematodes. Five of these candidate circRNAs could be further dysregulated by GO exposure in the range of μg L.

THBS4 predicts poor outcomes and promotes proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC), a common and lethal cancer in the world, has a high risk of metastasis. Our study was to explore the effects of THBS4 on GC progress and metastasis and the underlying mechanisms. The proliferations of MGC-803 and BGC-823 cells were analyzed via cell count, MTT, and soft agar colony formation assay.