Training effects of set- and repetition-interval rest time on recumbent-boxing exercise: Could virtual reality improve further?

This study examined the influence of set-interval and repetition-interval rest time of virtual reality (VR) boxing game in supine-lying posture. Fifty healthy middle-aged adults were randomly assigned into VR and non-VR groups to perform six different exercise protocols with varying set-interval and repetition-interval rest times (SR, SR, SR, SR, SR, and SR). Analysis on the non-VR group showed significant differences between exercise protocols for average heart rate (p < 0.

Achieving "Non-Foaming" Rhamnolipid Production and Productivity Rebounds of under Weakly Acidic Fermentation.

The rhamnolipid production of has been impeded by its severe foaming; overcoming the bottleneck of foaming has become the most urgent requirement for rhamnolipid production in recent decades. In this study, we performed rhamnolipid fermentation under weakly acidic conditions to address this bottleneck. The results showed that the foaming behavior of rhamnolipid fermentation broths was pH-dependent with the foaming ability decreasing from 162.

Foaming of rhamnolipids fermentation: impact factors and fermentation strategies.

Rhamnolipids have recently attracted considerable attentions because of their excellent biosurfactant performance and potential applications in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, etc., but severe foaming causes the high cost of production, restraining their commercial production and applications. To reduce or eliminate the foaming, numerous explorations have been focused on foaming factors and fermentation strategies, but a systematic summary and discussion are still lacking.

Optimization and scale-up of the production of rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in solid-state fermentation using high-density polyurethane foam as an inert support.

To be competitive with common synthetic surfactants, the cost of production of rhamnolipid must be minimized by the fermentation process of non-foaming and low impurities. Herein, a novel solid-state fermentation process was developed for production of rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa SKY. The results were shown that high-density polyurethane foam is a satisfactory alternative to agro-industrial by-products for SSF of rhamnolipid.

Saponin Ameliorates Murine CFA-Induced Arthritis by Suppressing Cytokine Production.

Schltr. has been used as a Chinese folk medicine due to its versatile pharmacological effects such as promoting wounds and rheumatoid arthritis. However, the antiarthritic activity of saponin (PFS) and its active compound Periplocin has still not been demonstrated.

Biochemical characterization of recombinant Enterovirus 71 3C protease with fluorogenic model peptide substrates and development of a biochemical assay.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a primary pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), affects primarily infants and children. Currently, there are no effective drugs against HFMD. EV71 3C protease performs multiple tasks in the viral replication, which makes it an ideal antiviral target.

The fast spiral-SelMQC technique for in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging of polyunsaturated fatty acids in human breast tissue.

The selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer method has been applied to image polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) distributions in human breast tissues in vivo for cancer detection, with complete suppression of the unwanted lipid and water signals in a single scan. The Cartesian k-space mapping of PUFA in vivo using the selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer (Sel-MQC) chemical shift imaging (CSI) technique, however, requires excessive MR scan time. In this article, we report a fast Spiral-SelMQC sequence using a rapid spiral k-space sampling scheme.

[Effects of exogenous dimethylarsinic acid on Brassica campestris growth and soil arsenic bioavailability].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of exogenous dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the growth of Brassica campestris and the bioavailability of soil arsenic (As). With the increasing concentration of applied DMA, the emergence rate and biomass of B. campestris increased at low concentration DMA, but decreased at high concentration DMA.

[Transformation of different exogenous arsenic forms in soil under aerobic condition].

An incubation test was conducted to study the transformation of exogenous dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), and arsenate [As(V)] in soil under the condition of 35% of water-holding capacity. After added into soil, the concentrations of test arsenic forms all showed a decreasing trend with time. The DMA and MMA were mainly demethylated, and after 120 days incubation at constant temperature and humidity, transformed into As(V).

[Transformation of exogenous dimethyl arsenic in soil].

A pot experiment was conducted to study the speciation transformation of exogenous dimethyl arsenic (DMA) in soil. The added DMA was mainly transformed into arsenate [As(V)], accompanied with a small amount of monomethyl arsenic (MMA). When the concentration of added DMA was 30 mg x kg(-1), the transformation rate was the highest, being 6.

[Influence of flooding on form transformation of soil arsenic].

An incubation test was conducted to study the dynamics of exogenously supplied dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and As(V) in soil under flooding. With the increasing time of incubation, the exogenously supplied DMA and MMA were mainly transformed into As(V), and the As(V) concentration increased, being significantly higher after incubated for 150 days, compared with that after incubated for 1 day. The exogenously supplied DMA was demethylated into As(V) within 30 days, accompanied by a little As(III), while the transformation rate of exogenously supplied MMA was rather slow within 60 days, accompanied by a little As(III) and DMA.

[Form transformation of arsenic in soil and corresponding analyzing methods].

Based on the analysis of the sources and existing forms of soil arsenic, this paper approached the inter-transformationr of different arsenic forms in soil. In the meanwhile, the extraction and determination methods of different soil arsenic forms were also compared. It was considered that HPLC-HG-AFS had the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limit, better selectivity, low operation cost, and less inter-transformation of different arsenic forms, being able to be used as the prior method for the detection of different arsenic forms.

In vivo MR spectroscopic imaging of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in healthy and cancerous breast tissues by selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer (Sel-MQC): a preliminary study.

The spatial distribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in healthy and cancerous human breast tissues was measured in vivo with a selective multiple-quantum coherence transfer (Sel-MQC) technique. This method selectively detected the olefinic methylene protons (-CH = CH-) of PUFA at 5.3 ppm that were coupled with allylic methylene protons (-CH(2)-CH(2)-CH=) of unsaturated acyl chain at 2.

High flow-resolution for mobility estimation in 2D-ENMR of proteins using maximum entropy method (MEM-ENMR).

Multidimensional electrophoretic NMR (nD-ENMR) is a potentially powerful tool for structural characterization of co-existing proteins and protein conformations. By applying a DC electric field pulse, the electrophoretic migration rates of different proteins were detected experimentally in a new dimension of electrophoretic flow. The electrophoretic mobilities were employed to differentiate protein signals.

In vivo tumor lactate relaxation measurements by selective multiple-quantum-coherence (Sel-MQC) transfer.

The frequency-selective multiple-quantum-coherence (Sel-MQC) lactate (Lac) filter offers complete lipid and water suppression in a single scan for robust in vivo detection of tumor Lac, even in the presence of abundant lipids. Conversion of the detected signal into accurate tissue concentrations of Lac requires knowledge of in vivo Lac T1 and T2 relaxation times. This work reports modifications to the Sel-MQC pulse sequence, T1- and T2-Sel-MQC, that facilitate relaxation measurements of Lac.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of tumor metabolic markers for cancer diagnosis, metabolic phenotyping, and characterization of tumor microenvironment.

Cancer cells display heterogeneous genetic characteristics, depending on the tumor dynamic microenvironment. Abnormal tumor vasculature and poor tissue oxygenation generate a fraction of hypoxic tumor cells that have selective advantages in metastasis and invasion and often resist chemo- and radiation therapies. The genetic alterations acquired by tumors modify their biochemical pathways, which results in abnormal tumor metabolism.

Constant-time multidimensional electrophoretic NMR.

Multidimensional electrophoretic NMR (ENMR) has been introduced to determine structures of coexisting proteins and protein conformations in solution. Signals of different proteins are separated in a new dimension of electrophoretic flow according to their characteristic electrophoretic mobilities. The electrophoretic interferograms have been generated in the flow dimension in two approaches by incrementing either the amplitude or the duration of the electric field.