Cinnamic Acid Derivatives: Recent Discoveries and Development Strategies for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and memory impairment. It is characterized by the accumulation of Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein forming neurofibrillary tangles, and is often accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which contribute to neuronal loss and brain atrophy. At present, clinical anti-AD drugs are mostly single-target, improving the cognitive ability of AD patients, but failing to effectively slow down the progression of AD.

The marine Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2 metabolite dicitrinone G inhibits pancreatic angiogenesis by regulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.

Citrinin derivatives have been found to have various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects. Dicitrinone G (DG) was a new citrinin dimer isolated from marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. GGF 16-1-2 which has potential activity.

Aqueous extract of alleviates hepatic fibrosis by suppressing hepatic stellate cell activation through inhibiting Stat3 signaling.

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the water extract of (Engl.) H. Li (ASWE) against hepatic fibrosis (HF) and clarify the underlying mechanism.

Single cell RNA sequencing research in maternal fetal interface.

The maternal-fetal interface is an essential environment for embryonic growth and development, and a successful pregnancy depends on the dynamic balance of the microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. Single-cell sequencing, which unlike bulk sequencing that provides averaged data, is a robust method for interpreting the cellular and molecular landscape at single-cell resolution. With the support of single-cell sequencing, the issue of maternal-fetal interface heterogeneity during pregnancy has been more deeply elaborated and understood, which is important for a deeper understanding of physiological and pathological pregnancy.

[Relationship Between ABO Blood Group and Pregnancy Complications].

ABO blood group system is the most commonly used blood group classification system in clinic practice. The relevant antigens, A, B and H determinants, are complex carbohydrate molecules that are expressed in red blood cells and other cell lines and tissues. These antigens are determined by the ABO locus located on chromosome 9 (9q34.

Clinical Features of Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis with Anti-MDA5 Antibody Positivity.

This paper aims to investigate the clinical and laboratory test characteristics of patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive PM/DM by analyzing the clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, and 1-year survival rate of patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive PM/DM in polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). To further investigate the impact of positive anti-MDA5 antibodies on the prognosis of PM/DM patients. According to the anti-MDA5 antibody test results, 18 cases with positive anti-MDA5 antibodies were in the positive group and 46 cases with negative anti-MDA5 antibodies were in the negative group.

PT109, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor suppresses glioblastoma multiforme through cell reprogramming: Involvement of PTBP1/PKM1/2 pathway.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent type and lethal form of primary malignant brain tumor, accounting for about 40-50% of intracranial tumors and without effective treatments now. Cell reprogramming is one of the emerging treatment approaches for GBM, which can reprogram glioblastomas into non-tumor cells to achieve therapeutic effects. However, anti-GBM drugs through reprogramming can only provide limited symptom relief, and cannot completely cure GBM.

Mesonephric adenocarcinomas in female genital tract: A case series.

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MNAC) is a very rare tumor that originates from mesonephric duct remnants of the female genital tract. Only a few cases were reported in the literature, and most of them occurred in the cervix, extremely rare in the uterine body and ovary. MNAC was rarely reported to arise in the uterine corpus, but never was reported in the ovary.

Primary mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube: A case report.

Background: Mesonephric adenocarcinoma (MNAC) is an extremely rare malignancy in the female genital tract. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature, and most of them occurred in the cervix, with extremely rare cases in the uterine body and ovary. MNAC has never been reported to arise in the fallopian tube.

Recurrent and metastatic female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin: A case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Female adnexal tumors of probable Wolffian origin (FATWOs) are rare gynecologic neoplasms arising from the mesonephric duct remnants. Less than 90 cases have been reported in the English literature. Although most cases of FATWO are considered benign, recurrence and metastasis may occur in very few cases during the course of the disease.

Integrated Fecal Microbiome and Serum Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Abnormal Changes in Rats with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and the Intervention Effect of Zhen Wu Tang.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), an autoimmune renal disease with complicated pathogenesis, is one of the principal reasons for end-stage renal disease in the clinic. Evidence has linked apparent alterations in the components of the microbiome and metabolome to renal disease in rats. However, thus far, there is insufficient evidence that supports the potential relationship between gut microbiome, circulating metabolites, and IgAN.

A research update on the therapeutic potential of rhein and its derivatives.

Rhein is one of the anthraquinones components of Rheum. It shows excellent clinical efficacy and is widely used in the management of several disease conditions including tumors, inflammation, diabetic nephropathy, and viral infections. In this review, we summarize the recent studies on the pharmacological activities of rhein and its derivatives, as well as their association with different diseases and possible mechanisms based on our previous review.

Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary: A case report and a review of the literature.

Rationale: Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma (MLA) from ovary is a very rare tumor which derives from mesonephric duct remnant of the female genital tract. Only six cases have been reported so far in the English literature.

Patient Concerns: A 29-year-old female patient was referred to the local hospital with a 20-day history of abdominal discomfort.

Zhen-Wu-Tang Protects IgA Nephropathy in Rats by Regulating Exosomes to Inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most frequent kinds of primary glomerulonephritis characterized by IgA immune complexes deposition and glomerular proliferation. Zhen-wu-tang (ZWT), a well-known traditional Chinese formula has been reported to ameliorate various kidney diseases. However, its pharmacological mechanism remains unclear.

Discovery of a novel small molecule PT109 with multi-targeted effects against Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by impairment of cognitive functions, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the elderly. Currently available anti-AD drugs can only offer limited symptom-relieving effects. "One-compound-Multitargeted Strategy" have been recognized as the promising way to win the war against AD.

Hyperthyroid heart disease in pregnancy: Retrospective analysis of a case series and review of the literature.

Background: Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy may pose a great threat to maternal and fetal health. The risk of hyperthyroid heart disease (HHD), even heart failure, is significantly elevated in pregnant women.

Aim: To investigate the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and therapy of HHD in pregnant women.

Advance of sporadic Alzheimer's disease animal models.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. In the past decades, numbers of promising drug candidates showed significant anti-AD effects in preclinical studies but failed in clinical trials. One of the major reasons might be the limitation of appropriate animal models for evaluating anti-AD drugs.

Multi-targeted ChEI-copper chelating molecules as neuroprotective agents.

The identification of a valid therapeutic treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents nowadays an urgent and still unmet medical need, since currently available anti-AD drugs only relieve symptoms and show a modest efficacy. Recent evidence indicates that multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) can potentially provide an effective strategy to develop innovative therapies directed towards the onset and progression of this multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. In this work we designed, synthesized and evaluated a new series of MTDLs bearing the rivastigmine skeleton (ChE-inhibitor) linked to known metal-chelating moieties with linkers of different length.

New radiocarbon and archaeobotanical evidence reveal the timing and route of southward dispersal of rice farming in south China.

The origins and spreads of rice agriculture have been enduring topics, yet the timing and southward dispersal from the Yangtze River Basin have been difficult to trace, due to the scarcity of archaeobotanical data, especially systematic macro-plant remains examination, combined with the poor preservation in the humid climate and acidic soils of China's southern provinces. Here, we report new radiocarbon dating and preserved rice phytolith evidence, derived from three Late Neolithic archaeological sites in south China, dated about 5,000-4,100 cal a BP. Our results demonstrate that rice farming had spread southward through the mountainous regions of Wuyi and Nanling, then entered the areas of Western Fujian and North Guangdong by 5,000 cal a BP, followed by continued expansion into coastal areas of East China Sea and South China Sea, also crossing the Taiwan Strait, around 4,500-4,000 cal a BP.

A review on the hybrids of hydroxycinnamic acid as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a complex chronic progressive central nervous system degenerative disease and a public health problem of the world, often characters cognitive dysfunction accompaning aggression and depression, and may lead to death. More attentions should be paid on it because there is no modified strategy against AD till now. AD is featured with the loss of cholinergic neurons, the amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) plaques and the neurofibrillary tangles and several hypotheses were established to explain the pathogenesis of AD.

Nature-based molecules combined with rivastigmine: A symbiotic approach for the synthesis of new agents against Alzheimer's disease.

Starting from nature as original source, new potential agents with pleiotropic activities have been synthesized and evaluated as neuroprotective agents. In this work, novel nature-based hybrids, combining antioxidant motifs with rivastigmine, have been designed and synthesized. The biological results revealed that the new compounds inhibit both AChE and BuChE.

L-F001, a novel multifunctional ROCK inhibitor, suppresses neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of NF-κB inhibition and Nrf2 pathway activation.

Microglia and astrocytes are largely responsible for inflammatory injury in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence has indicated that Rho kinase (ROCK) plays an important role in the regulation of neuroinflammation. Previously, we synthesized a new chemical entity L-F001 and proved its potential inhibitory effects on ROCK and oxidative stress.

Inhibition of AGEs/RAGE/Rho/ROCK pathway suppresses non-specific neuroinflammation by regulating BV2 microglial M1/M2 polarization through the NF-κB pathway.

The microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)/receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) or Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) are both involved in the development of non-specific inflammation. However, there are few reports about their effects on neuroinflammation.

Discovery of novel rivastigmine-hydroxycinnamic acid hybrids as multi-targeted agents for Alzheimer's disease.

A series of rivastigmine-caffeic acid and rivastigmine-ferulic acid hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vitro. The new compounds exerted antioxidant neuroprotective properties and good cholinesterases (ChE) inhibitory activities. Some of them also inhibited amyloid protein (Aβ) aggregation.