Dual-vacancies modulation of 1T/2H heterostructured MoS-CdS nanoflowers via radiolytic radical chemistry for efficient photocatalytic H evolution.

Precise defect engineering of photocatalysts is highly demanding but remains a challenge. Here, we developed a facile and controllable γ-ray radiation strategy to assemble dual-vacancies confined MoS-CdS-γ nanocomposite photocatalyst. We showed the solvated electron induced homogeneous growth of defects-rich CdS nanoparticles, while the symbiotic OH radicals etched flower-like 1T/2H MoS substrate surfaces.

Ambient γ-Rays-Mediated Noble-Metal Deposition on Defect-Rich Manganese Oxide for Glycerol-Assisted H Evolution at Industrial-Level Current Density.

Developing novel synthesis technologies is crucial to expanding bifunctional electrocatalysts for energy-saving hydrogen production. Herein, we report an ambient and controllable γ-ray radiation reduction to synthesize a series of noble metal nanoparticles anchored on defect-rich manganese oxides (M@MnO , M=Ru, Pt, Pd, Ir) for glycerol-assisted H evolution. Benefiting from the strong penetrability of γ-rays, nanoparticles and defect supports are formed simultaneously and bridged by metal-oxygen bonds, guaranteeing structural stability and active site exposure.

Selective CO reduction to CHOH over atomic dual-metal sites embedded in a metal-organic framework with high-energy radiation.

The efficient use of renewable X/γ-rays or accelerated electrons for chemical transformation of CO and water to fuels holds promise for a carbon-neutral economy; however, such processes are challenging to implement and require the assistance of catalysts capable of sensitizing secondary electron scattering and providing active metal sites to bind intermediates. Here we show atomic Cu-Ni dual-metal sites embedded in a metal-organic framework enable efficient and selective CHOH production (~98%) over multiple irradiated cycles. The usage of practical electron-beam irradiation (200 keV; 40 kGy min) with a cost-effective hydroxyl radical scavenger promotes CHOH production rate to 0.

Clinical analysis of anastomotic fistula after anal preservation in 358 cases of rectal cancer and construction of risk prediction model: a single-center retrospective study.

Objective: To develop and validate a simple prediction model for postoperative anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients with rectal cancer who underwent Dixon surgery by combining preoperative and intraoperative risk factors.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 358 patients who underwent Dixon surgery for rectal cancer in the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China). Based on logistic regression, the prediction model of AL after Dixon surgery was established and verified.

Comparing monetary gain and loss in the monetary incentive delay task: EEG evidence.

What is more effective to guide behavior: The desire to gain or the fear to lose? Electroencephalography (EEG) studies have yielded inconsistent answers. In a systematic exploration of the valence and magnitude parameters in monetary gain and loss processing, we used time-domain and time-frequency-domain analyses to uncover the underlying neural processes. A group of 24 participants performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task in which cue-induced anticipation of a high or low magnitude of gain or loss was manipulated trial-wise.

Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Aldehydes with Nitroarenes via Fully Catalytic Process.

A fully catalytic nickel-photoredox process for the direct amidation of aldehydes with nitroarenes was developed. In this system, aldehydes and nitroarenes were catalytically activated by the photocatalytic cycle without the addition of an additional reductant or oxidants, which facilitated the Ni-mediated cross-coupling of the C-N bond under mild conditions. A preliminary mechanistic study indicates a reaction pathway in which nitrobenzene is directly reduced to aniline as the nitrogen source.

Radiolytic Water Splitting Sensitized by Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks.

High-energy radiation that is compatible with renewable energy sources enables direct H production from water for fuels; however, the challenge is to convert it as efficiently as possible, and the existing strategies have limited success. Herein, we report the use of Zr/Hf-based nanoscale UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks as highly effective and stable radiation sensitizers for purified and natural water splitting under γ-ray irradiation. Scavenging and pulse radiolysis experiments with Monte Carlo simulations show that the combination of 3D arrays of ultrasmall metal-oxo clusters and high porosity affords unprecedented effective scattering between secondary electrons and confined water, generating increased precursors of solvated electrons and excited states of water, which are the main species responsible for H production enhancement.

Intestinal flora induces depression by mediating the dysregulation of cerebral cortex gene expression and regulating the metabolism of stroke patients.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common cerebrovascular complication characterized by complex pathogenesis and poor treatment effects. Here, we tested the influence of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), non-targeted metabolites, and intestinal microbes on the occurrence and development of PSD. We acquired gene expression profiles for stroke patients, depression patients, and healthy controls from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.

Natural borneol enhances the anti-cerebral ischaemia efficacy of formononetin in MCAO/R rats by promoting its delivery in the brain.

Objectives Due to its high morbidity, high mortality, and high disability, stroke has been the first cause of death and the major cause of adult disability in China. Natural borneol has been widely utilized in Traditional Chinese Medicine to promote drug absorption. Formononetin is a natural isoflavonoid with potent neuroprotective activity but poor brain delivery.

Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Pyrylium Salt In Vitro and In Vivo.

Nowadays, discovering new skeleton antifungal drugs is the direct way to address clinical fungal infections. Pyrylium salt was screened from a library containing 50,240 small molecules. Several studies about the antifungal activity and mechanism of have been reported, but the structure-activity relationship of pyrylium salts was not clear.

Radiolytic Approach for Efficient, Selective and Catalyst-free CO Conversion at Room Temperature.

The present study proposes a new approach for direct CO conversion using primary radicals from water irradiation. In order to ensure reduction of CO into CO by all the primary radiation-induced water radicals, we use formate ions to scavenge simultaneously the parent oxidizing radicals H and OH producing the same transient CO radicals. Conditions are optimized to obtain the highest conversion yield of CO .

Thermolysis Synthesis of MoS₂ Microrods for Noble Metal-Free Catalytic Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol.

MoS₂ microrods constructed by ultrathin nanosheets have been synthesized, for the first time, by thermal decomposition of intermediate (NH₄)₂MoS₄ crystals, which could not only provide the single-source for both the molybdenum and sulfur atoms, but also served as the self-sacrificed template. The well-defined microstructure was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, respectively. The results indicated that MoS₂ microrods with uniform morphology were assembled by defective ultrathin nanosheets.

Feasibility of the UV/AA process as a pretreatment approach for bioremediation of dye-laden wastewater.

Biodegradability and toxicity are two important indexes in considering the feasibility of a chemical process for environmental remediation. The acetylacetone (AA) mediated photochemical process has been proven as an efficient approach for dye decolorization. Both AA and its photochemical degradation products had a high bioavailability.