Novel patterns in discrete Ikeda map: Quint points and complex non-quantum chirality.

In this paper, the complex and dynamically rich distribution of stable phases in the well-known discrete Ikeda map is studied in detail. The unfolding patterns of these stable phases are described through three complementary stability diagrams: the Lyapunov stability diagram, the isoperiod stability diagram, and the isospike stability diagram. The adding-doubling complexification cascade and fascinating non-quantum chiral pairs are discovered, marking the first report of such structures in discrete mapping.

Neoadjuvant darolutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy for high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer: a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial.

Propose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment of darolutamide, a next-generation androgen receptor inhibitor, plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (LAPC).

Methods: This single-arm, multicenter, open-label phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05249712, 2022-01-01), recruited 30 localized high-risk/very high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa/VHRPCa) patients from three centers in China between 2021 and 2023.

Therapeutic effect of fully human anti-Nrp-1 antibody on non-small cell lung cancer in vivo and in vitro.

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment paradigm for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), not all patients benefit from them. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel immune checkpoint inhibitors. Neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) is a unique immune checkpoint capable of exerting antitumor effects through CD8 T cells.

Revisiting the Benefits of Exercise for Alzheimer's Disease through the Lens of Ferroptosis: A New Perspective.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death driven by oxidative stress, plays a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aging diminishes antioxidant systems that maintain iron homeostasis, particularly affecting the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) system, leading to increased ferroptosis and exacerbated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor regulating genes involved in antioxidant defense and ferroptosis.

Reproducibility of liver iron concentration measured by R2* method based on 1.5-T MRI: a meta-analysis.

Objectives: To explore the reproducibility of the 1.5-T MR imaging (MRI)-based R2* method in measuring the liver iron concentration (LIC) across different MRI scanners, scan parameters, and postprocessing techniques.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases and identified studies that used the 1.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Possession of the APOE4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for developing the sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies investigating APOE4's associated AD risk have largely centered on APOE4's propensity to regulate the deposition of extracellular amyloid beta plaques. More recent attempts to characterize APOE4's role in AD have brought into question the role APOE4 may possess in modulating the pathogenesis of intracellular tau tangles.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that β2 microglobulin is an important factor in β-amyloid (Aβ) neurotoxicity and a potential target for the treatment of AD. Although β2 microglobulin, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) and Glial fbrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are involved in the neuroinflammatory response to promote the development of AD, their relationship in AD pathology remains to be studied.

Method: A total of a11 participants with cerebrospinal fuid (CSF) and Plasma β2 microglobulin, CSF sTREM2, GFAP, and AD biomarkers(Aβ; phosphorylated-tau, P-tau; and total tau, T-tau) were included from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Achieving Superior Thermoelectric Performance in Methoxy-Functionalized MXenes: The Role of Organic Functionalization.

Thermoelectric technology enables the direct and reversible conversion of heat into electrical energy without air pollution. Herein, the stability, electronic structure, and thermoelectric properties of methoxy-functionalized MC(OMe) (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W) were systematically investigated using first-principles calculations and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. All MXenes, except those with M = Cr, Mo, and W, can be synthesized by substituting Cl- and Br-functionalized MXenes with deprotonated methanol, with stability governed by the M-O bond strength.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Successive cleavages of amyloid precursor protein C-terminal 99 residues (APP-C99) by human γ-secretase result in amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) of varying lengths, the main constituents of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients. Most cleavages have a step size of three residues, as exemplified by sequential generation of Aβ49, Aβ46, Aβ43, and Aβ40.

Method: To elucidate the mechanism of substrate cleavage, we determined atomic structures of human γ-secretase bound individually to APP-C99, Aβ49, Aβ46, and Aβ43.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), one of the most strongly associated gene with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported to play a role in the pathological processes of AD; however, the exact mechanism has not yet been completely found.

Method: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, N = 495) was the discovery cohort, and the Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE, N = 619) study was used to replicate the results.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Studies of the genetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have largely focused on single nucleotide variants and short insertions/deletions. However, much of the disease heritability has yet to be uncovered, suggesting that other forms of genetic variation promote substantial portions of genetic risk. Uncovering the genetic basis of AD can lead to new disease biomarkers and delineate disease mechanisms.

Solvent-Controlled Cascade Reaction of SeO, Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Alkynes for Chemoselective Access to Symmetric Divinyl Sulfones Substituted Seleniums and Diseleniums.

A solvent-controlled unprecedented tandem reaction of readily accessible SeO, a wide variety of sulfonyl hydrazides, and alkynes has been established for the chemodivergent construction of structurally complex 1,2-bis(()-1-aryl-2-arylsulfonylvinyl)diselanes and bis(()-1-aryl-2-(arylsulfonyl)vinyl)selanes via a catalyst-free one-pot three-component approach, respectively. The adjustable and controlled synthetic strategy shows good yields and chemoselectivities for most substrates under mild and simple conditions.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Game-based Cognitive Assessment - 3-Minute Version (G3) is a WeChat mini-program developed for the early screening of cognitive impairments in Chinese older adults. It consists of three game-like digital cognitive tests, namely "Number Ordering", "Species Sorting", and "Gold Finding". This study aims to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of G3 in detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage dementia in Chinese older adults.

R(3780) Resonance Interpreted as the 1^{3}D_{1}-Wave Dominant State of Charmonium from Precise Measurements of the Cross Section of e^{+}e^{-}→Hadrons.

We report the precise measurements of the cross section of e^{+}e^{-}→hadrons at center-of-mass energies from 3.645 to 3.871 GeV.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Dementia criteria require not only memory impairment, but additional impairment in at least one other cognitive domain, like visuospatial functioning. Cognitive measures assessing visuospatial function often involve drawing shapes. While these measures have proven reliable and valid in developed countries, their use in Low and Middle-income Countries (LMICs) is challenging due to cultural differences and low literacy.

A Patient With Intracranial Multiple Meningiomas Combined With Neurofibromatosis type I.

The coexistence of intracranial multiple meningiomas and neurofibromatosis type 1 is a rare occurrence in the field of neurosurgery, presenting complex treatment challenges, unfavorable prognoses, and significant burdens on both families and society. Currently, the primary objective is to perform surgical total resection as far as possible, while considering postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for cases where complete tumor resection is challenging. In this case, the patient has previously undergone multiple brain tumor resections and received radiation therapy.

High-Definition, Video-Rate Triple-Channel NIR-II Imaging Using Shadowless Lamp Excitation and Illumination.

Multichannel imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window offers vital and comprehensive information for complex surgical environments, yet a simple, high-quality, video-rate multichannel imaging method with low safety risk remains to be proposed. Centered at the superior NIR-IIx window of 1400-1500 nm, triple-channel imaging coordinated with 1000-1100 and 1700-1880 nm (NIR-IIc) achieves exceptional clarity and an impressive signal-to-crosstalk ratio as high as 22.10.

Heteropolyacid Ligands in Two-Dimensional Channels Enable Lithium Separation from Monovalent Cations.

Extracting lithium from salt lakes requires ion-selective membranes with customizable nanochannels. However, it remains a major challenge to separate alkali cations due to their same valences and similar ionic radius. Inspired by the K channel of KcsA K, significant progress has been made in adjusting nanochannel size to control the ion selectivity dominated by alkali cations dehydration.

Carbon Defects as Highly Active Sites for Gold Detection and Recovery.

The use of precious metals (PMs) in many areas, such as printed circuit boards, catalysts, and target drugs, is increasing due to their unique physical and chemical properties, but their recovery remains a great challenge in terms of zero-valent PMs as final product. We report a highly hydrophilic carbon dot (CD) as reductant (electron donor), the defects in CD served as efficient active sites for zero-valent PMs recovery with an electron-donating capacity is ~1.7 mmol g-1.

Controllable topological phase transition ferroelectric-paraelectric switching in a ferromagnetic single-layer MMGeX family.

Recently, the emergence of two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials has opened a new perspective for exploring topological states. However, instances of tuning topological phase transitions through ferroelectric (FE) polarization in 2D ferromagnetic (FM) materials are relatively rare. Here, we found that 11 single layer (SL) materials, named the MMGeX family, possess both FE and FM properties.

Who Can Help Me? Citizens' Help-Seeking on Weibo During the Shanghai Lockdown.

Objective: In the context of the Omicron-induced lockdown in Shanghai, this paper investigated the appeals for assistance by citizens on Weibo, aiming to understand their principal challenges and immediate needs.

Methods: This paper collected Weibo posts ( 1040) containing the keyword "Shanghai Anti-epidemic Help" during the citywide lockdown. The online help requests from Shanghai citizens were analyzed across 7 dimensions, including the help sought, level of urgency, help recipient, the intended beneficiary of the help, expression, position, and emotion.

Renal protection by acacetin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via TLR4/NF-κB pathway modulation in rats.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most severe microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the precursor to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The development of problems linked to DN involves both oxidative damage and inflammation. Natural flavone acacetin (AC) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties.

Advancing precision medicine: the transformative role of artificial intelligence in immunogenomics, radiomics, and pathomics for biomarker discovery and immunotherapy optimization.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is significantly advancing precision medicine, particularly in the fields of immunogenomics, radiomics, and pathomics. In immunogenomics, AI can process vast amounts of genomic and multi-omic data to identify biomarkers associated with immunotherapy responses and disease prognosis, thus providing strong support for personalized treatments. In radiomics, AI can analyze high-dimensional features from computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images to discover imaging biomarkers associated with tumor heterogeneity, treatment response, and disease progression, thereby enabling non-invasive, real-time assessments for personalized therapy.

LGR4 promotes proliferation and homing via activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by clonal proliferation in the bone marrow (BM). Previously, it was reported that G‑protein‑coupled receptor 4 (LGR4) contributed to early hematopoiesis and was associated with poor prognosis in patients with MM. However, the mechanism of cell homing and migration, which is critical for MM progression, remains unclear.

The Effect of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer's Disease Fluid Biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the COAST.

Aims: To analyze the effect of APOE ε4 on fluid biomarkers and the correlations between blood molecules and CSF biomarkers in AD patients.

Methods: This study enrolled 575 AD patients, 131 patients with non-AD dementia, and 112 cognitively normal (CN) participants, and AD patients were divided into APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and blood-derived biomolecules were compared between AD and CN groups, between non-AD dementia and CN groups, as well as within APOE ε4 subgroups of AD patients.